--- title: 1 Chronicles 28:20 — And David said to Solomon his son: 'Be strong and of good courage, a… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David said to Solomon his son: 'Be strong and of good courage, and do it; fear not, nor be dismayed; for the LORD God, even my God, is with thee; He will not fail thee, nor forsake thee, until all the work for the service of the house of the LORD be finished. Who acts: David, LORD God, God. 1 Ch --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.28.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/28/) / 28:20 # 1 Chronicles 28:20 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** David, LORD God, God · **What happens:** say, be, do, not fear, dismay, not fail · **To what, where:** Solomon, courage, thee, work, house · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Chronicles 28:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, LORD God, God — and what happens in the verse to Solomon, courage, thee, work, house, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜יד לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנ֗וֹ חֲזַ֤ק וֶאֱמַץ֙ וַעֲשֵׂ֔ה אַל־תִּירָ֖א וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑ת כִּי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֱלֹהַי֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֤א יַרְפְּךָ֙ וְלֹ֣א יַֽעַזְבֶ֔ךָּ עַד־לִכְל֕וֹת כָּל־מְלֶ֖אכֶת עֲבוֹדַ֥ת בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃ [And David said to Solomon his son: 'Be strong and of good courage, and do it; fear not, nor be dismayed; for the LORD God, even my God, is with thee; He will not fail thee, nor forsake thee, until all the work for the service of the house of the LORD be finished.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.995/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:911 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜יד לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנ֗וֹ חֲזַ֤ק וֶאֱמַץ֙ וַעֲשֵׂ֔ה אַל־תִּירָ֖א וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑ת כִּי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֱלֹהַי֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֤א יַרְפְּךָ֙ וְלֹ֣א יַֽעַזְבֶ֔ךָּ עַד־לִכְל֕וֹת כָּל־מְלֶ֖אכֶת עֲבוֹדַ֥ת בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = 1CH.28.20 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_28:20!1|MId=o130280200011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1CH_28:20!1|MId=o130280200012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:130280200021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֜יד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1CH_28:20!2|MId=o130280200021|Strong=1732 4-5 לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1CH_28:20!3|MId=o130280200031|Strong=3807a 5 שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה שְׁלֹמֹה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Solomon|Ref=1CH_28:20!3|MId=o130280200032|Strong=8010 6-7 בְנ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=son|Ref=1CH_28:20!4|MId=o130280200041|Strong=1121 7 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1CH_28:20!4|MId=o130280200042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8 חֲזַ֤ק חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=be.strong|Ref=1CH_28:20!5|MId=o130280200051|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:130280200032;|Type=imperative 9-10 וֶאֱמַץ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וֶ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_28:20!6|MId=o130280200061|Strong=2050b 10 אֱמַץ֙ אָמֵץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 conj _ Gloss=be.brave|Ref=1CH_28:20!6|MId=o130280200062|Strong=0553|Frame=A0:130280200032;|Type=imperative 11-12 וַעֲשֵׂ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_28:20!7|MId=o130280200071|Strong=2050b 12 עֲשֵׂ֔ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 conj _ Gloss=act|Ref=1CH_28:20!7|MId=o130280200072|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:130280200032;|Type=imperative 13 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=1CH_28:20!8|MId=o130280200081|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 14 תִּירָ֖א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 parataxis _ Gloss=be.afraid|Ref=1CH_28:20!9|MId=o130280200091|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:130280200032;|Type=jussive 15-16 וְאַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_28:20!10|MId=o130280200101|Strong=2050b 16 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=1CH_28:20!10|MId=o130280200102|Strong=0408|Type=negative 17 תֵּחָ֑ת חָתַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 conj _ Gloss=be.dismayed|Ref=1CH_28:20!11|MId=o130280200111|Strong=2865|Frame=A0:130280200032;|Type=jussive 18 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1CH_28:20!12|MId=o130280200121|Strong=3588 19 יְהוָ֨ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 24 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1CH_28:20!13|MId=o130280200131|Strong=3068 20 אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=1CH_28:20!14|MId=o130280200141|Strong=0430 21-22 אֱלֹהַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֱלֹה אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=1CH_28:20!15|MId=o130280200151|Strong=0430 22 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1CH_28:20!15|MId=o130280200152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 23-24 עִמָּ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=[is].with|Ref=1CH_28:20!16|MId=o130280200161|Strong=5973 24 ָ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 advcl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1CH_28:20!16|MId=o130280200162|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 25 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1CH_28:20!17|MId=o130280200171|Strong=3808|Type=negative 26-27 יַרְפְּךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 יַרְפּ רָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 parataxis _ Gloss=he|Ref=1CH_28:20!18|MId=o130280200181|Strong=7503|Frame=AA:130280200131;A0:130280200182;|Type=yiqtol 27 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ Gloss=will.abandon.you|Ref=1CH_28:20!18|MId=o130280200182|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 28-29 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_28:20!19|MId=o130280200191|Strong=2050b 29 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1CH_28:20!19|MId=o130280200192|Strong=3808|Type=negative 30-31 יַֽעַזְבֶ֔ךָּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 יַֽעַזְב עָזַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 26 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1CH_28:20!20|MId=o130280200201|Strong=5800|Frame=A0:130280200131;A1:130280200202;|Type=yiqtol 31 ֶ֔ךָּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ Gloss=will.forsake.you|Ref=1CH_28:20!20|MId=o130280200202|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 32 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=1CH_28:20!21|MId=o130280200211|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 לִכְל֕וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=(to).is|Ref=1CH_28:20!22|MId=o130280200221|Strong=3807a 34 כְל֕וֹת כָּלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 26 parataxis _ Gloss=complete|Ref=1CH_28:20!22|MId=o130280200222|Strong=3615|Frame=A0:130280200241;|Type=infinitive_construct 35 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1CH_28:20!23|MId=o130280200231|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 36 מְלֶ֖אכֶת מְלֶאכֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.work|Ref=1CH_28:20!24|MId=o130280200241|Strong=4399 37 עֲבוֹדַ֥ת עֲבֹדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.service|Ref=1CH_28:20!25|MId=o130280200251|Strong=5656 38 בֵּית־ בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.house|Ref=1CH_28:20!26|MId=o130280200261|Strong=1004|SpaceAfter=No 39 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1CH_28:20!27|MId=o130280200271|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=1CH_28:20!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִיד *David* | | | | | חֲזַק *be strong* | imperative · qal | שְׁלֹמֹה *Solomon* | | | | | אֱמַץ *be brave* | imperative · qal | שְׁלֹמֹה *Solomon* | | | | | עֲשֵׂה *act* | imperative · qal | שְׁלֹמֹה *Solomon* | | | | | **not** תִּירָא *be afraid* | jussive · qal | שְׁלֹמֹה *Solomon* | | | | | **not** תֵּחָת *be dismayed* | jussive · niphal | שְׁלֹמֹה *Solomon* | | | | | **not** יַרְפּ *he* | yiqtol · hiphil | ְךָ *will abandon you* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | **not** יַֽעַזְב *he* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ֶךָּ *will forsake you* | | | | כְלוֹת *complete* | infinitive construct · qal | מְלֶאכֶת *the work* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David said to Solomon his son: 'Be strong and of good courage, and do it; fear not, nor be dismayed; for the LORD God, even my God, is with thee; He will not fail thee, nor forsake thee, until all the work for the service of the house of the LORD be finished.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.995/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:911`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 28:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.28.19/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 28:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.28.21/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/28/)