--- title: 1 Chronicles 4:31 — and at Beth-marcaboth, and Hazar-susim, and at Beth-biri, and at Sha… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and at Beth-marcaboth, and Hazar-susim, and at Beth-biri, and at Shaaraim. These were their cities unto the reign of David. Who acts: These. 1 Chronicles 4:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.4.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [1 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/4/) / 4:31 # 1 Chronicles 4:31 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א **Who acts:** These · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** cities This is 1 Chronicles 4:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — These — and what happens in the verse to cities, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבְבֵ֤ית מַרְכָּבוֹת֙ בֵ֤ית מַרְכָּבוֹת֙ וּבַחֲצַ֣ר סוּסִ֔ים חֲצַ֣ר סוּסִ֔ים וּבְבֵ֥ית בִּרְאִ֖י בֵ֥ית בִּרְאִ֖י וּֽבְשַׁעֲרָ֑יִם אֵ֥לֶּה עָרֵיהֶ֖ם עַד־מְלֹ֥ךְ דָּוִֽיד׃ [and at Beth-marcaboth, and Hazar-susim, and at Beth-biri, and at Shaaraim.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.193/) [These were their cities unto the reign of David.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.194/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1CH:163 # text = וּבְבֵ֤ית מַרְכָּבוֹת֙ בֵ֤ית מַרְכָּבוֹת֙ וּבַחֲצַ֣ר סוּסִ֔ים חֲצַ֣ר סוּסִ֔ים וּבְבֵ֥ית בִּרְאִ֖י בֵ֥ית בִּרְאִ֖י וּֽבְשַׁעֲרָ֑יִם אֵ֥לֶּה עָרֵיהֶ֖ם עַד־מְלֹ֥ךְ דָּוִֽיד׃ # verse = 1CH.4.31 1-3 וּבְבֵ֤ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_4:31!1|MId=o130040310011|Strong=2050b 2 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1CH_4:31!1|MId=o130040310012|Strong=0871a 3 בֵ֤ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=Beth|Ref=1CH_4:31!1|MId=o130040310013 4 מַרְכָּבוֹת֙ מַרְכָּבוֹת PROPN _ _ 3 flat:name _ Ref=1CH_4:31!1 5 בֵ֤ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 3 nmod _ Gloss=Marcaboth|Ref=1CH_4:31!2|MId=o130040310021 6 מַרְכָּבוֹת֙ מַרְכָּבוֹת PROPN _ _ 5 flat:name _ Ref=1CH_4:31!2 7-9 וּבַחֲצַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_4:31!3|MId=o130040310031|Strong=2050b 8 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1CH_4:31!3|MId=o130040310032|Strong=0871a 9 חֲצַ֣ר חֲצַר PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=Hazar|Ref=1CH_4:31!3|MId=o130040310033 10 סוּסִ֔ים סוּסִים PROPN _ _ 9 flat:name _ Ref=1CH_4:31!3 11 חֲצַ֣ר חֲצַר PROPN _ _ 9 nmod _ Gloss=Susim|Ref=1CH_4:31!4|MId=o130040310041 12 סוּסִ֔ים סוּסָה PROPN _ _ 11 flat:name _ Ref=1CH_4:31!4 13-15 וּבְבֵ֥ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_4:31!5|MId=o130040310051|Strong=2050b 14 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1CH_4:31!5|MId=o130040310052|Strong=0871a 15 בֵ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=Beth|Ref=1CH_4:31!5|MId=o130040310053 16 בִּרְאִ֖י בִּרְאִי PROPN _ _ 15 flat:name _ Ref=1CH_4:31!5 17 בֵ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 15 nmod _ Gloss=Biri|Ref=1CH_4:31!6|MId=o130040310061 18 בִּרְאִ֖י בִּרְאִי PROPN _ _ 17 flat:name _ Ref=1CH_4:31!6 19-21 וּֽבְשַׁעֲרָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1CH_4:31!7|MId=o130040310071|Strong=2050b 20 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1CH_4:31!7|MId=o130040310072|Strong=0871a 21 שַׁעֲרָ֑יִם שַׁעֲרַיִם PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=Shaaraim|Ref=1CH_4:31!7|MId=o130040310073|Strong=8189 22 אֵ֥לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 23 nsubj _ Gloss=these|Ref=1CH_4:31!8|MId=o130040310081|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 23-24 עָרֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 עָרֵי עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 parataxis _ Gloss=cities|Ref=1CH_4:31!9|MId=o130040310091|Strong=5892 24 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[were].their|Ref=1CH_4:31!9|MId=o130040310092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 25 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=1CH_4:31!10|MId=o130040310101|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 26 מְלֹ֥ךְ מָלַךְ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 23 advcl _ Gloss=reigned|Ref=1CH_4:31!11|MId=o130040310111|Strong=4427|Frame=A0:130040310091;|Type=infinitive_construct 27 דָּוִֽיד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 26 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1CH_4:31!12|MId=o130040310121|Strong=1732|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1CH_4:31!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מְלֹךְ *reigned* | infinitive construct · qal | עָרֵי *cities* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and at Beth-marcaboth, and Hazar-susim, and at Beth-biri, and at Shaaraim.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.193/) 2. [These were their cities unto the reign of David.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/1CH.194/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1CH:163`. - ← previous: [1 Chronicles 4:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.4.30/) - next →: [1 Chronicles 4:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.4.32/) - ↑ back to [1 Chronicles 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH/4/)