--- title: 2 Chronicles 10:4 — 'Thy father made our yoke grievous; now therefore make thou the grie… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'Thy father made our yoke grievous; now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee.' Who acts: father, thou, we. 2 Chronicles 10:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.10.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/10/) / 10:4 # 2 Chronicles 10:4 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** father, thou, we · **What happens:** make, put, serve, service · **To what, where:** yoke, grievous service, heavy yoke, thee, father This is 2 Chronicles 10:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — father, thou, we — and what happens in the verse to yoke, grievous service, heavy yoke, thee, father, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אָבִ֖יךָ הִקְשָׁ֣ה אֶת־עֻלֵּ֑נוּ וְעַתָּ֡ה הָקֵל֩ מֵעֲבֹדַ֨ת אָבִ֜יךָ הַקָּשָׁ֗ה וּמֵעֻלּ֧וֹ הַכָּבֵ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן עָלֵ֖ינוּ וְנַֽעַבְדֶֽךָּ׃ ['Thy father made our yoke grievous; now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.215/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:204 # text = אָבִ֖יךָ הִקְשָׁ֣ה אֶת־עֻלֵּ֑נוּ וְעַתָּ֡ה הָקֵל֩ מֵעֲבֹדַ֨ת אָבִ֜יךָ הַקָּשָׁ֗ה וּמֵעֻלּ֧וֹ הַכָּבֵ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן עָלֵ֖ינוּ וְנַֽעַבְדֶֽךָּ׃ # verse = 2CH.10.4 1-2 אָבִ֖יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 אָבִ֖י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=father|Ref=2CH_10:4!1|MId=o140100040011|Strong=0001 2 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2CH_10:4!1|MId=o140100040012|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 3 הִקְשָׁ֣ה קָשָׁה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.made.hard|Ref=2CH_10:4!2|MId=o140100040021|Strong=7185|Frame=AA:140100040011;A0:140100040041;|Type=qatal 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_10:4!3|MId=o140100040031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 עֻלֵּ֑נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 עֻלּ עֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=yoke|Ref=2CH_10:4!4|MId=o140100040041|Strong=5923 6 ֵ֑נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=2CH_10:4!4|MId=o140100040042|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 7-8 וְעַתָּ֡ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_10:4!5|MId=o140100040051|Strong=2050b 8 עַתָּ֡ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=2CH_10:4!5|MId=o140100040052|Strong=6258 9 הָקֵל֩ קָלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 parataxis _ Gloss=lighten|Ref=2CH_10:4!6|MId=o140100040061|Strong=7043|Frame=A0:140100030101;|Type=imperative 10-11 מֵעֲבֹדַ֨ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=some|Ref=2CH_10:4!7|MId=o140100040071|Strong=4480 11 עֲבֹדַ֨ת עֲבֹדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=of.the.service|Ref=2CH_10:4!7|MId=o140100040072|Strong=5656 12-13 אָבִ֜יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אָבִ֜י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.father|Ref=2CH_10:4!8|MId=o140100040081|Strong=0001 13 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2CH_10:4!8|MId=o140100040082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14-15 הַקָּשָׁ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2CH_10:4!9|MId=o140100040091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 קָּשָׁ֗ה קָשֶׁה ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 amod _ Gloss=hard|Ref=2CH_10:4!9|MId=o140100040092|Strong=7186|Type=adjective 16-19 וּמֵעֻלּ֧וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_10:4!10|MId=o140100040101|Strong=2050b 17 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=some|Ref=2CH_10:4!10|MId=o140100040102|Strong=4480 18 עֻלּ עֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=of|Ref=2CH_10:4!10|MId=o140100040103|Strong=5923 19 ֧וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.yoke|Ref=2CH_10:4!10|MId=o140100040104|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20-21 הַכָּבֵ֛ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2CH_10:4!11|MId=o140100040111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 כָּבֵ֛ד כָּבֵד ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 amod _ Gloss=heavy|Ref=2CH_10:4!11|MId=o140100040112|Strong=3515|Type=adjective 22 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2CH_10:4!12|MId=o140100040121|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 23 נָתַ֥ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 18 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.put|Ref=2CH_10:4!13|MId=o140100040131|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:140100040081;A1:140100040103;|Type=qatal 24-25 עָלֵ֖ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 עָלֵ֖י עַל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2CH_10:4!14|MId=o140100040141|Strong=5921 25 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=2CH_10:4!14|MId=o140100040142|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 26-28 וְנַֽעַבְדֶֽךָּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_10:4!15|MId=o140100040151|Strong=2050b 27 נַֽעַבְד עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=we|Ref=2CH_10:4!15|MId=o140100040152|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:140100030051;140100030071;A1:140100040153;|Type=yiqtol 28 ֶֽךָּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ Gloss=will.serve.you|Ref=2CH_10:4!15|MId=o140100040153|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=2CH_10:4!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִקְשָׁה *he made hard* | qatal · hiphil | עֻלּ *yoke* | | | אָבִי *father* | | הָקֵל *lighten* | imperative · hiphil | | | | | | נָתַן *he put* | qatal · qal | אָבִי *your father* | עֻלּ *of* | | | | נַֽעַבְד *we* | yiqtol · qal | | ֶֽךָּ *will serve you* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['Thy father made our yoke grievous; now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.215/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:204`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 10:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.10.3/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 10:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.10.5/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/10/)