--- title: 2 Chronicles 16:4 — And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel; and they smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abelmaim, and all the store-cities of Naphtali. Who acts: Ben, captains. 2 Chronicles 16:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of eve --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.16.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/16/) / 16:4 # 2 Chronicles 16:4 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** Ben, captains · **What happens:** hearken, send, smite · **To what, where:** captains, Ijon This is 2 Chronicles 16:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ben, captains — and what happens in the verse to captains, Ijon, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע בֶּנ הֲדַ֜דבֶּנ הֲדַ֜ד אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָסָ֗א וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח אֶת־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ אֶל־עָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּכּוּ֙ אֶת־עִיּ֣וֹן וְאֶת־דָּ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת אָבֵ֣ל מָ֑יִם אָבֵ֣ל מָ֑יִם וְאֵ֥ת כָּֽל־מִסְכְּנ֖וֹת עָרֵ֥י נַפְתָּלִֽי׃ [And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel; and they smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abelmaim, and all the store-cities of Naphtali.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.336/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:318 # text = וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע בֶּנ הֲדַ֜דבֶּנ הֲדַ֜ד אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָסָ֗א וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח אֶת־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ אֶל־עָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּכּוּ֙ אֶת־עִיּ֣וֹן וְאֶת־דָּ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת אָבֵ֣ל מָ֑יִם אָבֵ֣ל מָ֑יִם וְאֵ֥ת כָּֽל־מִסְכְּנ֖וֹת עָרֵ֥י נַפְתָּלִֽי׃ # verse = 2CH.16.4 1-2 וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_16:4!1|MId=o140160040011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁמַ֨ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.listened|Ref=2CH_16:4!1|MId=o140160040012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:140160040021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 בֶּנ בֶּן PROPN _ _ 2 dep _ Gloss=Ben|Ref=2CH_16:4!2|MId=o140160040021 4-5 הֲדַ֜דבֶּנ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הֲדַ֜ד הֲדַד PROPN _ _ 3 flat:name _ Ref=2CH_16:4!2 5 בֶּנ בֶּןהֲדַד PROPN _ _ 2 dep _ Gloss=Hadad|Ref=2CH_16:4!3|MId=o140160040031 6 הֲדַ֜ד _ PROPN _ _ 5 flat:name _ Ref=2CH_16:4!3 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2CH_16:4!4|MId=o140160040041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_16:4!5|MId=o140160040051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=2CH_16:4!5|MId=o140160040052|Strong=4428 10 אָסָ֗א אָסָא PROPN _ _ 9 appos _ Gloss=Asa|Ref=2CH_16:4!6|MId=o140160040061|Strong=0609 11-12 וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_16:4!7|MId=o140160040071|Strong=2050b 12 יִּשְׁלַח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=2CH_16:4!7|MId=o140160040072|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:140160040021;A1:140160040081;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_16:4!8|MId=o140160040081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14 שָׂרֵ֨י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obj _ Gloss=the.commanders|Ref=2CH_16:4!9|MId=o140160040091|Strong=8269 15-16 הַחֲיָלִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2CH_16:4!10|MId=o140160040101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 חֲיָלִ֤ים חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.armies|Ref=2CH_16:4!10|MId=o140160040102|Strong=2428 17 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2CH_16:4!11|MId=o140160040111|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=[belonged].to|Ref=2CH_16:4!12|MId=o140160040121|Strong=3807a 19 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2CH_16:4!12|MId=o140160040122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=2CH_16:4!13|MId=o140160040131|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 21 עָרֵ֣י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=2CH_16:4!14|MId=o140160040141|Strong=5892 22 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2CH_16:4!15|MId=o140160040151|Strong=3478 23-24 וַיַּכּוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_16:4!16|MId=o140160040161|Strong=2050b 24 יַּכּוּ֙ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.attacked|Ref=2CH_16:4!16|MId=o140160040162|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:140160040081;A0:140160040171;140160040191;140160040211;140160040241;|Type=wayyiqtol 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_16:4!17|MId=o140160040171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 26 עִיּ֣וֹן עִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 24 obj _ Gloss=Ijon|Ref=2CH_16:4!18|MId=o140160040181|Strong=5859 27-28 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_16:4!19|MId=o140160040191|Strong=2050b 28 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_16:4!19|MId=o140160040192|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 29 דָּ֔ן דָּן PROPN _ _ 26 conj _ Gloss=Dan|Ref=2CH_16:4!20|MId=o140160040201|Strong=1835 30-31 וְאֵ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_16:4!21|MId=o140160040211|Strong=2050b 31 אֵ֖ת אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_16:4!21|MId=o140160040212|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 32 אָבֵ֣ל אַבֵל PROPN _ _ 26 conj _ Gloss=Abel|Ref=2CH_16:4!22|MId=o140160040221 33 מָ֑יִם מַיִם PROPN _ _ 32 flat:name _ Ref=2CH_16:4!22 34 אָבֵ֣ל אַבֵל PROPN _ _ 32 nmod _ Gloss=Maim|Ref=2CH_16:4!23|MId=o140160040231 35 מָ֑יִם מַיִם PROPN _ _ 34 flat:name _ Ref=2CH_16:4!23 36-37 וְאֵ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_16:4!24|MId=o140160040241|Strong=2050b 37 אֵ֥ת אֵת ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_16:4!24|MId=o140160040242|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 38 כָּֽל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2CH_16:4!25|MId=o140160040251|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 39 מִסְכְּנ֖וֹת מִסְכְּנוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.stores|Ref=2CH_16:4!26|MId=o140160040261|Strong=4543 40 עָרֵ֥י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 39 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.cities|Ref=2CH_16:4!27|MId=o140160040271|Strong=5892 41 נַפְתָּלִֽי נַפְתָּלִי PROPN _ _ 40 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Naphtali|Ref=2CH_16:4!28|MId=o140160040281|Strong=5321|SpaceAfter=No 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=2CH_16:4!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁמַע *he listened* | wayyiqtol · qal | בֶּנ *Ben* | | | | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | בֶּנ *Ben* | אֶת־ *(et)* | | | | יַּכּוּ *they attacked* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אֶת־ *(et)* + וְ *and* + וְ *and* + וְ *and* | | | אֶת־ *(et)* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel; and they smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abelmaim, and all the store-cities of Naphtali.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.336/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:318`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 16:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.16.3/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 16:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.16.5/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/16/)