--- title: 2 Chronicles 18:10 — And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said:… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: With these shalt thou gore the Arameans, until they be consumed.' Who acts: Zedekiah, LORD, thou. 2 Chronicles 18:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/18/) / 18:10 # 2 Chronicles 18:10 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** Zedekiah, LORD, thou · **What happens:** make, say, gore, consume · **To what, where:** horns, king, Arameans · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Chronicles 18:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Zedekiah, LORD, thou — and what happens in the verse to horns, king, Arameans, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֥עַשׂ ל֛וֹ צִדְקִיָּ֥הוּ בֶֽן־כְּנַעֲנָ֖ה קַרְנֵ֣י בַרְזֶ֑לוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּאֵ֛לֶּה תְּנַגַּ֥ח אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם עַד־כַּלּוֹתָֽם׃ [And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: With these shalt thou gore the Arameans, until they be consumed.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.378/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:357 # text = וַיַּ֥עַשׂ ל֛וֹ צִדְקִיָּ֥הוּ בֶֽן־כְּנַעֲנָ֖ה קַרְנֵ֣י בַרְזֶ֑לוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּאֵ֛לֶּה תְּנַגַּ֥ח אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם עַד־כַּלּוֹתָֽם׃ # verse = 2CH.18.10 1-2 וַיַּ֥עַשׂ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_18:10!1|MId=o140180100011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֥עַשׂ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.had.made|Ref=2CH_18:10!1|MId=o140180100012|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:140180100031;A1:140180100061;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 ל֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=2CH_18:10!2|MId=o140180100021|Strong=3807a 4 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=himself|Ref=2CH_18:10!2|MId=o140180100022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 צִדְקִיָּ֥הוּ צִדְקִיָּהוּ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Zedekiah|Ref=2CH_18:10!3|MId=o140180100031|Strong=6667a 6 בֶֽן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2CH_18:10!4|MId=o140180100041|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 7 כְּנַעֲנָ֖ה כְּנַעֲנָה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Kenaanah|Ref=2CH_18:10!5|MId=o140180100051|Strong=3668 8 קַרְנֵ֣י קֶרֶן NOUN _ Number=Dual 2 obj _ Gloss=horns|Ref=2CH_18:10!6|MId=o140180100061|Strong=7161 9-11 בַרְזֶ֑לוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בַרְזֶ֑ל בַּרְזֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.iron|Ref=2CH_18:10!7|MId=o140180100071|Strong=1270 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_18:10!8|MId=o140180100081|Strong=2050b 11 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2CH_18:10!8|MId=o140180100082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:140180100031;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=2CH_18:10!9|MId=o140180100091|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 13 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 ccomp _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=2CH_18:10!10|MId=o140180100101|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:140180100111;|Type=qatal 14 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 13 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2CH_18:10!11|MId=o140180100111|Strong=3068 15-16 בְּאֵ֛לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2CH_18:10!12|MId=o140180100121|Strong=0871a 16 אֵ֛לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 17 obl _ Gloss=these|Ref=2CH_18:10!12|MId=o140180100122|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 17 תְּנַגַּ֥ח נָגַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 13 ccomp _ Gloss=you.will.gore|Ref=2CH_18:10!13|MId=o140180100131|Strong=5055|Frame=A0:140180090012;A1:140180100151;|Type=yiqtol 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_18:10!14|MId=o140180100141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19 אֲרָ֖ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 17 obj _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=2CH_18:10!15|MId=o140180100151|Strong=0758 20 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=2CH_18:10!16|MId=o140180100161|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 כַּלּוֹתָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 כַּלּוֹת כָּלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 17 advcl _ Gloss=destroy|Ref=2CH_18:10!17|MId=o140180100171|Strong=3615|Frame=A0:140180090012;A1:140180100172;|Type=infinitive_construct 22 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=2CH_18:10!17|MId=o140180100172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=2CH_18:10!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַשׂ *he had made* | wayyiqtol · qal | צִדְקִיָּהוּ *Zedekiah* | קַרְנֵי *horns* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | צִדְקִיָּהוּ *Zedekiah* | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | תְּנַגַּח *you will gore* | yiqtol · piel | | אֲרָם *Aram* | | | | כַּלּוֹת *destroy* | infinitive construct · piel | | ָֽם *them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: With these shalt thou gore the Arameans, until they be consumed.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.378/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:357`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 18:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.9/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 18:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.11/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/18/)