--- title: 2 Chronicles 18:16 — And he said: 'I saw all Israel scattered upon the mountains, as shee… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said: 'I saw all Israel scattered upon the mountains, as sheep that have no shepherd; and the LORD said: These have no master, let them return every man to his house in peace.' Who acts: king, I, Israel, sheep. 2 Chronicles 18:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/18/) / 18:16 # 2 Chronicles 18:16 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** king, I, Israel, sheep, LORD, These · **What happens:** say, see, scatter, have, let, return · **To what, where:** Israel, mountains, shepherd, master, sheep, peace · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Chronicles 18:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, I, Israel, sheep, LORD, These — and what happens in the verse to Israel, mountains, shepherd, master, sheep, peace, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֗אמֶר רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נְפוֹצִ֣ים עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֔ים כַּצֹּ֕אן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ן רֹעֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ לֹֽא־אֲדֹנִ֣ים לָאֵ֔לֶּה יָשׁ֥וּבוּ אִישׁ־לְבֵית֖וֹ בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ [And he said: 'I saw all Israel scattered upon the mountains, as sheep that have no shepherd; and the LORD said: These have no master, let them return every man to his house in peace.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.384/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:363 # text = וַיֹּ֗אמֶר רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נְפוֹצִ֣ים עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֔ים כַּצֹּ֕אן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ן רֹעֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ לֹֽא־אֲדֹנִ֣ים לָאֵ֔לֶּה יָשׁ֥וּבוּ אִישׁ־לְבֵית֖וֹ בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ # verse = 2CH.18.16 1-2 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_18:16!1|MId=o140180160011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2CH_18:16!1|MId=o140180160012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:140180130021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 רָאִ֤יתִי רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I.saw|Ref=2CH_18:16!2|MId=o140180160021|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:140180130021;A1:140180160061;|Type=qatal 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_18:16!3|MId=o140180160031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2CH_18:16!4|MId=o140180160041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=2CH_18:16!5|MId=o140180160051|Strong=3478 7 נְפוֹצִ֣ים פּוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 3 obj _ Gloss=scattered|Ref=2CH_18:16!6|MId=o140180160061|Strong=6327|Frame=A1:140180160051;|Type=participle_passive 8 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2CH_18:16!7|MId=o140180160071|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 הֶֽהָרִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הֶֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_18:16!8|MId=o140180160081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 הָרִ֔ים הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=2CH_18:16!8|MId=o140180160082|Strong=2022 11-13 כַּצֹּ֕אן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=2CH_18:16!9|MId=o140180160091|Strong=3509a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2CH_18:16!9|MId=o140180160091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 צֹּ֕אן צֹאן NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=flock|Ref=2CH_18:16!9|MId=o140180160092|Strong=6629 14 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2CH_18:16!10|MId=o140180160101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 15 אֵין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=2CH_18:16!11|MId=o140180160111|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 לָהֶ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ל לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=2CH_18:16!12|MId=o140180160121|Strong=3807a 17 ָהֶ֖ן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=2CH_18:16!12|MId=o140180160122|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 18 רֹעֶ֑ה רָעָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=a.shepherd|Ref=2CH_18:16!13|MId=o140180160131|Strong=7473|Type=participle_active 19-20 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_18:16!14|MId=o140180160141|Strong=2050b 20 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2CH_18:16!14|MId=o140180160142|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:140180160151;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 20 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2CH_18:16!15|MId=o140180160151|Strong=3068 22 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2CH_18:16!16|MId=o140180160161|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 23 אֲדֹנִ֣ים אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ Gloss=masters|Ref=2CH_18:16!17|MId=o140180160171|Strong=0113 24-25 לָאֵ֔לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=[belong].to|Ref=2CH_18:16!18|MId=o140180160181|Strong=3807a 25 אֵ֔לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 20 ccomp _ Gloss=these|Ref=2CH_18:16!18|MId=o140180160182|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 26 יָשׁ֥וּבוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 25 parataxis _ Gloss=let.them.return|Ref=2CH_18:16!19|MId=o140180160191|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:140180160051;|Type=yiqtol 27 אִישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=each|Ref=2CH_18:16!20|MId=o140180160201|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 28-30 לְבֵית֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2CH_18:16!21|MId=o140180160211|Strong=3807a 29 בֵית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=2CH_18:16!21|MId=o140180160212|Strong=1004 30 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=house|Ref=2CH_18:16!21|MId=o140180160213|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 31-32 בְּשָׁלֽוֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2CH_18:16!22|MId=o140180160221|Strong=0871a 32 שָׁלֽוֹם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=peace|Ref=2CH_18:16!22|MId=o140180160222|Strong=7965 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=2CH_18:16!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | רָאִיתִי *I saw* | qatal · qal | | נְפוֹצִים *scattered* | | | | נְפוֹצִים *scattered* | participle passive · niphal | | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יָשׁוּבוּ *let them return* | yiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said: 'I saw all Israel scattered upon the mountains, as sheep that have no shepherd; and the LORD said: These have no master, let them return every man to his house in peace.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.384/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:363`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 18:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.15/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 18:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.17/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/18/)