--- title: 2 Chronicles 18:18 — And he said: 'Therefore hear ye the word of the LORD: I saw the LORD… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said: 'Therefore hear ye the word of the LORD: I saw the LORD sitting upon His throne, and all the host of heaven standing on His right hand and on His left. Who acts: king, ye, I, LORD. 2 Chronicles 18:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/18/) / 18:18 # 2 Chronicles 18:18 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** king, ye, I, LORD, host · **What happens:** say, hear, see, sit, stand, word · **To what, where:** word, LORD, throne, right hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Chronicles 18:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, ye, I, LORD, host — and what happens in the verse to word, LORD, throne, right hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָכֵ֖ן שִׁמְע֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֑ה רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־יְהוָה֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ וְכָל־צְבָ֤א הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ עֹֽמְדִ֔ים עַל־יְמִינ֖וֹ וּשְׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃ [And he said: 'Therefore hear ye the word of the LORD: I saw the LORD sitting upon His throne, and all the host of heaven standing on His right hand and on His left.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.386/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:365 # text = וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָכֵ֖ן שִׁמְע֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֑ה רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־יְהוָה֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ וְכָל־צְבָ֤א הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ עֹֽמְדִ֔ים עַל־יְמִינ֖וֹ וּשְׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃ # verse = 2CH.18.18 1-2 וַיֹּ֕אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_18:18!1|MId=o140180180011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֕אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2CH_18:18!1|MId=o140180180012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:140180130021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָכֵ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לָ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=2CH_18:18!2|MId=o140180180021|Strong=3807a 4 כֵ֖ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=2CH_18:18!2|MId=o140180180022|Strong=3651 5 שִׁמְע֣וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=hear|Ref=2CH_18:18!3|MId=o140180180031|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:140180170021;140180170031;140180170051;140180090051;A1:140180180041;|Type=imperative 6 דְבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=2CH_18:18!4|MId=o140180180041|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 7 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=2CH_18:18!5|MId=o140180180051|Strong=3068 8 רָאִ֤יתִי רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 parataxis _ Gloss=I.saw|Ref=2CH_18:18!6|MId=o140180180061|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:140180130021;A1:140180180091;140180180151;|Type=qatal 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_18:18!7|MId=o140180180071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2CH_18:18!8|MId=o140180180081|Strong=3068 11 יוֹשֵׁ֣ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=sitting|Ref=2CH_18:18!9|MId=o140180180091|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:140180180081;|Type=participle_active 12 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2CH_18:18!10|MId=o140180180101|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 כִּסְא֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 כִּסְא כִּסֵּא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=throne|Ref=2CH_18:18!11|MId=o140180180111|Strong=3678 14 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2CH_18:18!11|MId=o140180180112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_18:18!12|MId=o140180180121|Strong=2050b 16 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2CH_18:18!12|MId=o140180180122|Strong=3605 17 צְבָ֤א צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.host|Ref=2CH_18:18!13|MId=o140180180131|Strong=6635 18-19 הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2CH_18:18!14|MId=o140180180141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 שָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=2CH_18:18!14|MId=o140180180142|Strong=8064 20 עֹֽמְדִ֔ים עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 11 conj _ Gloss=standing|Ref=2CH_18:18!15|MId=o140180180151|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:140180180131;|Type=participle_active 21 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2CH_18:18!16|MId=o140180180161|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 יְמִינ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 יְמִינ יָמִין NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=2CH_18:18!17|MId=o140180180171|Strong=3225 23 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.right|Ref=2CH_18:18!17|MId=o140180180172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24-26 וּשְׂמֹאלֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_18:18!18|MId=o140180180181|Strong=2050b 25 שְׂמֹאל שְׂמֹאל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=his.left|Ref=2CH_18:18!18|MId=o140180180182|Strong=8040 26 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=hand|Ref=2CH_18:18!18|MId=o140180180183|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=2CH_18:18!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | שִׁמְעוּ *hear* | imperative · qal | | דְבַר־ *the word* | | | | רָאִיתִי *I saw* | qatal · qal | | יוֹשֵׁב *sitting* + עֹֽמְדִים *standing* | | | | יוֹשֵׁב *sitting* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | עֹֽמְדִים *standing* | participle active · qal | צְבָא *the host* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said: 'Therefore hear ye the word of the LORD: I saw the LORD sitting upon His throne, and all the host of heaven standing on His right hand and on His left.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.386/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:365`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 18:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.17/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 18:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.19/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/18/)