--- title: 2 Chronicles 18:30 — Now the king of Aram had commanded the captains of his chariots, say… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now the king of Aram had commanded the captains of his chariots, saying: 'Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king of Israel.' Who acts: king. 2 Chronicles 18:30 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.30/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/18/) / 18:30 # 2 Chronicles 18:30 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** king · **What happens:** command, say, fight, save · **To what, where:** captains · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Chronicles 18:30 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king — and what happens in the verse to captains, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֡ם צִוָּה֩ אֶת־שָׂרֵ֨י הָרֶ֤כֶב אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֚א תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ אֶת־הַקָּטֹ֖ן אֶת־הַגָּד֑וֹל כִּ֛י אִֽם־אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ [Now the king of Aram had commanded the captains of his chariots, saying: 'Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king of Israel.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.401/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:377 # text = וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֡ם צִוָּה֩ אֶת־שָׂרֵ֨י הָרֶ֤כֶב אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֚א תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ אֶת־הַקָּטֹ֖ן אֶת־הַגָּד֑וֹל כִּ֛י אִֽם־אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ # verse = 2CH.18.30 1-2 וּמֶ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_18:30!1|MId=o140180300011|Strong=2050b 2 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=2CH_18:30!1|MId=o140180300012|Strong=4428 3 אֲרָ֡ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Aram|Ref=2CH_18:30!2|MId=o140180300021|Strong=0758 4 צִוָּה֩ צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.had.commanded|Ref=2CH_18:30!3|MId=o140180300031|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:140180300012;A1:140180300051;|Type=qatal 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_18:30!4|MId=o140180300041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6 שָׂרֵ֨י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 obj _ Gloss=the.commanders|Ref=2CH_18:30!5|MId=o140180300051|Strong=8269 7-8 הָרֶ֤כֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2CH_18:30!6|MId=o140180300061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 רֶ֤כֶב רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.chariotry|Ref=2CH_18:30!6|MId=o140180300062|Strong=7393 9 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2CH_18:30!7|MId=o140180300071|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ל לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[belonged].to|Ref=2CH_18:30!8|MId=o140180300081|Strong=3807a 11 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2CH_18:30!8|MId=o140180300082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 15 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2CH_18:30!9|MId=o140180300091|Strong=3807a 13 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2CH_18:30!9|MId=o140180300092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:140180300012;|Type=infinitive_construct 14 לֹ֚א לֹא ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2CH_18:30!10|MId=o140180300101|Strong=3808|Type=negative 15 תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 4 ccomp _ Gloss=you.must.do.battle|Ref=2CH_18:30!11|MId=o140180300111|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:140180300051;|Type=yiqtol 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2CH_18:30!12|MId=o140180300121|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 הַקָּטֹ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_18:30!13|MId=o140180300131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 קָּטֹ֖ן קָטֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=small|Ref=2CH_18:30!13|MId=o140180300132|Strong=6996a|Type=adjective 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2CH_18:30!14|MId=o140180300141|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הַגָּד֑וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_18:30!15|MId=o140180300151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 גָּד֑וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=great|Ref=2CH_18:30!15|MId=o140180300152|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 22 כִּ֛י כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2CH_18:30!16|MId=o140180300161|Strong=3588 23 אִֽם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 22 fixed _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=2CH_18:30!17|MId=o140180300171|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 24 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2CH_18:30!18|MId=o140180300181|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 25 מֶ֥לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 parataxis _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=2CH_18:30!19|MId=o140180300191|Strong=4428 26 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2CH_18:30!20|MId=o140180300201|Strong=3478 27-29 לְבַדּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=him|Ref=2CH_18:30!21|MId=o140180300211|Strong=3807a 28 בַדּ בַּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=2CH_18:30!21|MId=o140180300212|Strong=0905 29 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=alone|Ref=2CH_18:30!21|MId=o140180300213|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=2CH_18:30!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | צִוָּה *he had commanded* | qatal · piel | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | שָׂרֵי *the commanders* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | | **not** תִּלָּחֲמוּ *you must do battle* | yiqtol · niphal | שָׂרֵי *the commanders* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now the king of Aram had commanded the captains of his chariots, saying: 'Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king of Israel.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.401/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:377`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 18:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.29/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 18:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.31/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/18/)