--- title: 2 Chronicles 18:34 — And the battle increased that day; howbeit the king of Israel stayed… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the battle increased that day; howbeit the king of Israel stayed himself up in his chariot against the Arameans until the even; and about the time of the going down of the sun he died. Who acts: battle, king, time. 2 Chronicles 18:34 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatic --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.34/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/18/) / 18:34 # 2 Chronicles 18:34 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** battle, king, time · **What happens:** increase, stay up, go down, die · **To what, where:** king, chariot This is 2 Chronicles 18:34 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — battle, king, time — and what happens in the verse to king, chariot, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתַּ֤עַל הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וּמֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הָיָ֨ה מַעֲמִ֧יד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֛ה נֹ֥כַח אֲרָ֖ם עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וַיָּ֕מָת לְעֵ֖ת בּ֥וֹא הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ [And the battle increased that day; howbeit the king of Israel stayed himself up in his chariot against the Arameans until the even; and about the time of the going down of the sun he died.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.405/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:381 # text = וַתַּ֤עַל הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וּמֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הָיָ֨ה מַעֲמִ֧יד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֛ה נֹ֥כַח אֲרָ֖ם עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וַיָּ֕מָת לְעֵ֖ת בּ֥וֹא הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ # verse = 2CH.18.34 1-2 וַתַּ֤עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_18:34!1|MId=o140180340011|Strong=2050b 2 תַּ֤עַל עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.went.up|Ref=2CH_18:34!1|MId=o140180340012|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:140180340022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_18:34!2|MId=o140180340021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מִּלְחָמָה֙ מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=battle|Ref=2CH_18:34!2|MId=o140180340022|Strong=4421 5-7 בַּיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2CH_18:34!3|MId=o140180340031|Strong=0871a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_18:34!3|MId=o140180340031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=2CH_18:34!3|MId=o140180340032|Strong=3117 8-9 הַה֔וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2CH_18:34!4|MId=o140180340041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 ה֔וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=2CH_18:34!4|MId=o140180340042|Strong=1931|Type=personal 10-11 וּמֶ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_18:34!5|MId=o140180340051|Strong=2050b 11 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=2CH_18:34!5|MId=o140180340052|Strong=4428 12 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2CH_18:34!6|MId=o140180340061|Strong=3478 13 הָיָ֨ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 cop _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=2CH_18:34!7|MId=o140180340071|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:140180340052;|Type=qatal 14 מַעֲמִ֧יד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=holding.upright|Ref=2CH_18:34!8|MId=o140180340081|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:140180340052;|Type=participle_active 15-17 בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2CH_18:34!9|MId=o140180340091|Strong=0871a 16 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_18:34!9|MId=o140180340091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 מֶּרְכָּבָ֛ה מֶרְכָּבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=chariot|Ref=2CH_18:34!9|MId=o140180340092|Strong=4818 18 נֹ֥כַח נֹכַח NOUN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=opposite.to|Ref=2CH_18:34!10|MId=o140180340101|Strong=5227 19 אֲרָ֖ם אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Aram|Ref=2CH_18:34!11|MId=o140180340111|Strong=0758 20 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=2CH_18:34!12|MId=o140180340121|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 הָעָ֑רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_18:34!13|MId=o140180340131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 עָ֑רֶב עֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=evening|Ref=2CH_18:34!13|MId=o140180340132|Strong=6153 23-24 וַיָּ֕מָת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_18:34!14|MId=o140180340141|Strong=2050b 24 יָּ֕מָת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.died|Ref=2CH_18:34!14|MId=o140180340142|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:140180340052;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 לְעֵ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2CH_18:34!15|MId=o140180340151|Strong=3807a 26 עֵ֖ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=the.time|Ref=2CH_18:34!15|MId=o140180340152|Strong=6256 27 בּ֥וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 26 acl _ Gloss=was.going|Ref=2CH_18:34!16|MId=o140180340161|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:140180340172;|Type=infinitive_construct 28-29 הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_18:34!17|MId=o140180340171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 שָּֽׁמֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=sun|Ref=2CH_18:34!17|MId=o140180340172|Strong=8121 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=2CH_18:34!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תַּעַל *it went up* | wayyiqtol · qal | מִּלְחָמָה *battle* | | | | | הָיָה *he was* | qatal · qal | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | | מַעֲמִיד *holding upright* | participle active · hiphil | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | | יָּמָת *he died* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | | בּוֹא *was going* | infinitive construct · qal | שָּֽׁמֶשׁ *sun* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the battle increased that day; howbeit the king of Israel stayed himself up in his chariot against the Arameans until the even; and about the time of the going down of the sun he died.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.405/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:381`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 18:33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.33/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 19:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.19.1/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/18/)