--- title: 2 Chronicles 20:18 — And Jehoshaphat bowed his head with his face to the ground; and all… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Jehoshaphat bowed his head with his face to the ground; and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem fell down before the LORD, worshipping the LORD. Who acts: Jehoshaphat, Judah. 2 Chronicles 20:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.20.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/20/) / 20:18 # 2 Chronicles 20:18 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** Jehoshaphat, Judah · **What happens:** bow, fall down, worship · **To what, where:** head, ground, LORD This is 2 Chronicles 20:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jehoshaphat, Judah — and what happens in the verse to head, ground, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקֹּ֧ד יְהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט אַפַּ֖יִם אָ֑רְצָה וְכָל־יְהוּדָ֞ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם נָֽפְלוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֖ת לַיהוָֽה׃ [And Jehoshaphat bowed his head with his face to the ground; and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem fell down before the LORD, worshipping the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.436/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:410 # text = וַיִּקֹּ֧ד יְהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט אַפַּ֖יִם אָ֑רְצָה וְכָל־יְהוּדָ֞ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם נָֽפְלוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֖ת לַיהוָֽה׃ # verse = 2CH.20.18 1-2 וַיִּקֹּ֧ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_20:18!1|MId=o140200180011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקֹּ֧ד קָדַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.bowed.low|Ref=2CH_20:18!1|MId=o140200180012|Strong=6915|Frame=A0:140200180021;A1:140200180031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט יְהוֹשָׁפָט PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jehoshaphat|Ref=2CH_20:18!2|MId=o140200180021|Strong=3092 4 אַפַּ֖יִם אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 2 obj _ Gloss=face|Ref=2CH_20:18!3|MId=o140200180031|Strong=0639 5-6 אָ֑רְצָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אָ֑רְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=2CH_20:18!4|MId=o140200180041|Strong=0776 6 ָה ה X _ _ 5 nmod _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=2CH_20:18!4|MId=o140200180042|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 7-8 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_20:18!5|MId=o140200180051|Strong=2050b 8 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2CH_20:18!5|MId=o140200180052|Strong=3605 9 יְהוּדָ֞ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=2CH_20:18!6|MId=o140200180061|Strong=3063 10-11 וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_20:18!7|MId=o140200180071|Strong=2050b 11 יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 8 conj _ Gloss=the.inhabitants|Ref=2CH_20:18!7|MId=o140200180072|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 12 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=2CH_20:18!8|MId=o140200180081|Strong=3389 13 נָֽפְלוּ֙ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.fell.down|Ref=2CH_20:18!9|MId=o140200180091|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:140200180061;140200180072;|Type=qatal 14-15 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=2CH_20:18!10|MId=o140200180101|Strong=3807a 15 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=2CH_20:18!10|MId=o140200180102|Strong=6440 16 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2CH_20:18!11|MId=o140200180111|Strong=3068 17-18 לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2CH_20:18!12|MId=o140200180121|Strong=3807a 18 הִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֖ת חוה VERB _ HebBinyan=HITHPAEL 13 advcl _ Gloss=bow.down|Ref=2CH_20:18!12|MId=o140200180122|Strong=7812a|Frame=A0:140200180061;140200180072;|Type=infinitive_construct 19-20 לַיהוָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2CH_20:18!13|MId=o140200180131|Strong=3807a 20 יהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 18 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2CH_20:18!13|MId=o140200180132|Strong=3068 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=2CH_20:18!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקֹּד *he bowed low* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשָׁפָט *Jehoshaphat* | אַפַּיִם *face* | | | | נָֽפְלוּ *they fell down* | qatal · qal | יְהוּדָה *Judah* + יֹשְׁבֵי *the inhabitants* | | | | | הִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺת *bow down* | infinitive construct · hithpael | יְהוּדָה *Judah* + יֹשְׁבֵי *the inhabitants* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Jehoshaphat bowed his head with his face to the ground; and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem fell down before the LORD, worshipping the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.436/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:410`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 20:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.20.17/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 20:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.20.19/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/20/)