--- title: 2 Chronicles 28:18 — The Philistines also had invaded the cities of the Lowland, and of t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The Philistines also had invaded the cities of the Lowland, and of the South of Judah, and had taken Beth-shemesh, and Aijalon, and Gederoth, and Soco with the towns thereof, and Timnah with the towns thereof, Gimzo also and the towns thereof; and they dwelt there. Who acts: Philistines. 2 Chronicle --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.28.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/28/) / 28:18 # 2 Chronicles 28:18 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** Philistines · **What happens:** invade, take, dwell · **To what, where:** cities, Beth shemesh This is 2 Chronicles 28:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Philistines — and what happens in the verse to cities, Beth shemesh, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים פָּשְׁט֗וּ בְּעָרֵ֨י הַשְּׁפֵלָ֣ה וְהַנֶּגֶב֮ לִֽיהוּדָה֒ וַֽ֠יִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת־בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֨מֶשׁבֵּֽית־שֶׁ֨מֶשׁ וְאֶת־אַיָּל֜וֹן וְאֶת־הַגְּדֵר֗וֹת וְאֶת־שׂוֹכ֤וֹ וּבְנוֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ וְאֶת־תִּמְנָ֣ה וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְאֶת־גִּמְז֖וֹ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ שָֽׁם׃ [The Philistines also had invaded the cities of the Lowland, and of the South of Judah, and had taken Beth-shemesh, and Aijalon, and Gederoth, and Soco with the towns thereof, and Timnah with the towns thereof, Gimzo also and the towns thereof; and they dwelt there.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.630/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:587 # text = וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים פָּשְׁט֗וּ בְּעָרֵ֨י הַשְּׁפֵלָ֣ה וְהַנֶּגֶב֮ לִֽיהוּדָה֒ וַֽ֠יִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת־בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֨מֶשׁבֵּֽית־שֶׁ֨מֶשׁ וְאֶת־אַיָּל֜וֹן וְאֶת־הַגְּדֵר֗וֹת וְאֶת־שׂוֹכ֤וֹ וּבְנוֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ וְאֶת־תִּמְנָ֣ה וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְאֶת־גִּמְז֖וֹ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ שָֽׁם׃ # verse = 2CH.28.18 1-2 וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=2CH_28:18!1|MId=o140280180011|Strong=2050b 2 פְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Philistines|Ref=2CH_28:18!1|MId=o140280180012|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 3 פָּשְׁט֗וּ פָּשַׁט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.had.made.a.raid|Ref=2CH_28:18!2|MId=o140280180021|Strong=6584|Frame=A0:140280180012;|Type=qatal 4-5 בְּעָרֵ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2CH_28:18!3|MId=o140280180031|Strong=0871a 5 עָרֵ֨י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 obl _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=2CH_28:18!3|MId=o140280180032|Strong=5892 6-7 הַשְּׁפֵלָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2CH_28:18!4|MId=o140280180041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 שְּׁפֵלָ֣ה שְׁפֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Shephelah|Ref=2CH_28:18!4|MId=o140280180042|Strong=8219 8-10 וְהַנֶּגֶב֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:18!5|MId=o140280180051|Strong=2050b 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_28:18!5|MId=o140280180052|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 נֶּגֶב֮ נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=Negev|Ref=2CH_28:18!5|MId=o140280180053|Strong=5045 11-12 לִֽיהוּדָה֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לִֽ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=2CH_28:18!6|MId=o140280180061|Strong=3807a 12 יהוּדָה֒ יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 10 nmod _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=2CH_28:18!6|MId=o140280180062|Strong=3063 13-14 וַֽ֠יִּלְכְּדוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַֽ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:18!7|MId=o140280180071|Strong=2050b 14 יִּלְכְּדוּ לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.had.captured|Ref=2CH_28:18!7|MId=o140280180072|Strong=3920|Frame=A0:140280180012;A1:140280180091;140280180111;140280180132;140280180151;140280180162;140280180181;140280180192;140280180211;140280180231;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_28:18!8|MId=o140280180081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֨מֶשׁבֵּֽית־שֶׁ֨מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֨מֶשׁ בֵּית־שֶׁמֶשׁ PROPN _ _ 14 obj _ Gloss=Beth|Ref=2CH_28:18!9|MId=o140280180091 17 בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֨מֶשׁ בֵּית־שֶׁמֶשׁ PROPN _ _ 16 nmod _ Gloss=Shemesh|Ref=2CH_28:18!10|MId=o140280180101 18-19 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:18!11|MId=o140280180111|Strong=2050b 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_28:18!11|MId=o140280180112|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 20 אַיָּל֜וֹן אַיָּלוֹן PROPN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=Aijalon|Ref=2CH_28:18!12|MId=o140280180121|Strong=0357 21-22 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:18!13|MId=o140280180131|Strong=2050b 22 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_28:18!13|MId=o140280180132|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 23-24 הַגְּדֵר֗וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2CH_28:18!14|MId=o140280180141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 גְּדֵר֗וֹת גְּדֵרוֹת PROPN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=Gederoth|Ref=2CH_28:18!14|MId=o140280180142|Strong=1450 25-26 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:18!15|MId=o140280180151|Strong=2050b 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_28:18!15|MId=o140280180152|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 27 שׂוֹכ֤וֹ שׂוֹכֹה PROPN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=Socoh|Ref=2CH_28:18!16|MId=o140280180161|Strong=7755a 28-30 וּבְנוֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:18!17|MId=o140280180171|Strong=2050b 29 בְנוֹתֶ֙י בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 27 conj _ Gloss=daughters|Ref=2CH_28:18!17|MId=o140280180172|Strong=1323 30 הָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=2CH_28:18!17|MId=o140280180173|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 31-32 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:18!18|MId=o140280180181|Strong=2050b 32 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_28:18!18|MId=o140280180182|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 33 תִּמְנָ֣ה תִּמְנָה PROPN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=Timnah|Ref=2CH_28:18!19|MId=o140280180191|Strong=8553 34-36 וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:18!20|MId=o140280180201|Strong=2050b 35 בְנוֹתֶ֔י בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 33 conj _ Gloss=daughters|Ref=2CH_28:18!20|MId=o140280180202|Strong=1323 36 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=2CH_28:18!20|MId=o140280180203|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 37-38 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:18!21|MId=o140280180211|Strong=2050b 38 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_28:18!21|MId=o140280180212|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 39 גִּמְז֖וֹ גִּמְזוֹ PROPN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=Gimzo|Ref=2CH_28:18!22|MId=o140280180221|Strong=1579 40-41 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:18!23|MId=o140280180231|Strong=2050b 41 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_28:18!23|MId=o140280180232|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 42-43 בְּנֹתֶ֑יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 בְּנֹתֶ֑י בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 39 conj _ Gloss=daughters|Ref=2CH_28:18!24|MId=o140280180241|Strong=1323 43 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=2CH_28:18!24|MId=o140280180242|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 44-45 וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:18!25|MId=o140280180251|Strong=2050b 45 יֵּשְׁב֖וּ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.dwelt|Ref=2CH_28:18!25|MId=o140280180252|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:140280180012;|Type=wayyiqtol 46 שָֽׁם שָׁם ADV _ _ 45 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=2CH_28:18!26|MId=o140280180261|Strong=8033|SpaceAfter=No 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=2CH_28:18!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | פָּשְׁטוּ *they had made a raid* | qatal · qal | פְלִשְׁתִּים *Philistines* | | | | | יִּלְכְּדוּ *they had captured* | wayyiqtol · qal | פְלִשְׁתִּים *Philistines* | בֵּֽית־שֶׁמֶשׁ *Beth* + וְ *and* + אֶת־ *(et)* + וְ *and* + וְ *and* + וְ *and* + וְ *and* | | | | יֵּשְׁבוּ *they dwelt* | wayyiqtol · qal | פְלִשְׁתִּים *Philistines* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The Philistines also had invaded the cities of the Lowland, and of the South of Judah, and had taken Beth-shemesh, and Aijalon, and Gederoth, and Soco with the towns thereof, and Timnah with the towns thereof, Gimzo also and the towns thereof; and they dwelt there.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.630/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:587`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 28:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.28.17/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 28:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.28.19/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/28/)