--- title: 2 Chronicles 28:23 — For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus, which smote him; and he… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus, which smote him; and he said: 'Because the gods of the kings of Aram helped them, therefore will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me.' But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel. Who acts: Ahaz, gods, I, kings. 2 Chronicles 28:23 in Hebrew wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.28.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/28/) / 28:23 # 2 Chronicles 28:23 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** Ahaz, gods, I, kings · **What happens:** sacrifice, smite, say, help, be · **To what, where:** Ahaz, kings, me, ruin · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Chronicles 28:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ahaz, gods, I, kings — and what happens in the verse to Ahaz, kings, me, ruin, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּזְבַּ֗ח לֵֽאלֹהֵ֣י דַרְמֶשֶׂק֮ הַמַּכִּ֣ים בּוֹ֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כִּ֠י אֱלֹהֵ֤י מַלְכֵֽי־אֲרָם֙ הֵ֚ם מַעְזְרִ֣ים אוֹתָ֔ם לָהֶ֥ם אֲזַבֵּ֖חַ וְיַעְזְר֑וּנִי וְהֵ֛ם הָֽיוּ־ל֥וֹ לְהַכְשִׁיל֖וֹ וּלְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus, which smote him; and he said: 'Because the gods of the kings of Aram helped them, therefore will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me.' But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.635/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:592 # text = וַיִּזְבַּ֗ח לֵֽאלֹהֵ֣י דַרְמֶשֶׂק֮ הַמַּכִּ֣ים בּוֹ֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כִּ֠י אֱלֹהֵ֤י מַלְכֵֽי־אֲרָם֙ הֵ֚ם מַעְזְרִ֣ים אוֹתָ֔ם לָהֶ֥ם אֲזַבֵּ֖חַ וְיַעְזְר֑וּנִי וְהֵ֛ם הָֽיוּ־ל֥וֹ לְהַכְשִׁיל֖וֹ וּלְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ # verse = 2CH.28.23 1-2 וַיִּזְבַּ֗ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:23!1|MId=o140280230011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּזְבַּ֗ח זָבַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sacrificed|Ref=2CH_28:23!1|MId=o140280230012|Strong=2076|Frame=A0:140280220082;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לֵֽאלֹהֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לֵֽ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2CH_28:23!2|MId=o140280230021|Strong=3807a 4 אלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=the.gods|Ref=2CH_28:23!2|MId=o140280230022|Strong=0430 5 דַרְמֶשֶׂק֮ דַּרְמֶשֶׂק PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Damascus|Ref=2CH_28:23!3|MId=o140280230031|Strong=1834b 6-7 הַמַּכִּ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=[which|Ref=2CH_28:23!4|MId=o140280230041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מַּכִּ֣ים נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 4 appos _ Gloss=had].defeated|Ref=2CH_28:23!4|MId=o140280230042|Strong=5221|Frame=A0:140280230022;|Type=participle_active 8-9 בּוֹ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=2CH_28:23!5|MId=o140280230051|Strong=0871a 9 וֹ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2CH_28:23!5|MId=o140280230052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10-11 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:23!6|MId=o140280230061|Strong=2050b 11 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2CH_28:23!6|MId=o140280230062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:140280220082;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 כִּ֠י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2CH_28:23!7|MId=o140280230071|Strong=3588 13 אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 dislocated _ Gloss=the.gods|Ref=2CH_28:23!8|MId=o140280230081|Strong=0430 14 מַלְכֵֽי־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.kings|Ref=2CH_28:23!9|MId=o140280230091|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 15 אֲרָם֙ אֲרָם PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Aram|Ref=2CH_28:23!10|MId=o140280230101|Strong=0758 16 הֵ֚ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=2CH_28:23!11|MId=o140280230111|Strong=1992|Type=personal 17 מַעְזְרִ֣ים עָזַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 2 advcl _ Gloss=[are].helping|Ref=2CH_28:23!12|MId=o140280230121|Strong=5826|Frame=AA:140280230111;A0:140280230132;|Type=participle_active 18-19 אוֹתָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2CH_28:23!13|MId=o140280230131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 19 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=2CH_28:23!13|MId=o140280230132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20-21 לָהֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 ל לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2CH_28:23!14|MId=o140280230141|Strong=3807a 21 ָהֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=2CH_28:23!14|MId=o140280230142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 אֲזַבֵּ֖חַ זָבַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.sacrifice|Ref=2CH_28:23!15|MId=o140280230151|Strong=2076|Frame=A0:140280220082;|Type=yiqtol 23-25 וְיַעְזְר֑וּנִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:23!16|MId=o140280230161|Strong=2050b 24 יַעְזְר֑וּ עָזַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=2CH_28:23!16|MId=o140280230162|Strong=5826|Frame=A0:140280230081;A1:140280230163;|Type=yiqtol 25 נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ Gloss=will.help.me|Ref=2CH_28:23!16|MId=o140280230163|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 26-27 וְהֵ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:23!17|MId=o140280230171|Strong=2050b 27 הֵ֛ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=2CH_28:23!17|MId=o140280230172|Strong=1992|Type=personal 28 הָֽיוּ־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 32 cop _ Gloss=they.became|Ref=2CH_28:23!18|MId=o140280230181|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:140280230172;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 ל֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 ל לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=2CH_28:23!19|MId=o140280230191|Strong=3807a 30 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2CH_28:23!19|MId=o140280230192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 31-33 לְהַכְשִׁיל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(into).causing|Ref=2CH_28:23!20|MId=o140280230201|Strong=3807a 32 הַכְשִׁיל כָּשַׁל VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 2 conj _ Gloss=overthrow|Ref=2CH_28:23!20|MId=o140280230202|Strong=3782|Frame=AA:140280230081;A0:140280230203;|Type=infinitive_construct 33 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ Gloss=his|Ref=2CH_28:23!20|MId=o140280230203|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34-36 וּלְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_28:23!21|MId=o140280230211|Strong=2050b 35 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=2CH_28:23!21|MId=o140280230212|Strong=3807a 36 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2CH_28:23!21|MId=o140280230213|Strong=3605 37 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=2CH_28:23!22|MId=o140280230221|Strong=3478|SpaceAfter=No 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=2CH_28:23!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּזְבַּח *he sacrificed* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | מַּכִּים *had\] defeated* | participle active · hiphil | אלֹהֵי *the gods* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | מַעְזְרִים *\[are\] helping* | participle active · hiphil | ָם *them* | | | הֵם *they* | | אֲזַבֵּחַ *I will sacrifice* | yiqtol · piel | | | | | | יַעְזְרוּ *they* | yiqtol · hiphil | אֱלֹהֵי *the gods* | נִי *will help me* | | | | הָֽיוּ־ *they became* | qatal · qal | הֵם *they* | | | | | הַכְשִׁיל *overthrow* | infinitive construct · hiphil | וֹ *his* | | | אֱלֹהֵי *the gods* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus, which smote him; and he said: 'Because the gods of the kings of Aram helped them, therefore will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me.' But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.635/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:592`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 28:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.28.22/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 28:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.28.24/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/28/)