--- title: 2 Chronicles 31:1 — Now when all this was finished, all Israel that were present went ou… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now when all this was finished, all Israel that were present went out to the cities of Judah, and broke in pieces the pillars, and hewed down the Asherim, and broke down the high places and the altars out of all Judah and Benjamin, in Ephraim also and Manasseh, until they had destroyed them all. The --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.31.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/31/) / 31:1 # 2 Chronicles 31:1 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** Israel, places, children · **What happens:** finish, be, go out, break, hew down, break down · **To what, where:** this, pillars, pieces, Asherim, high places, Judah This is 2 Chronicles 31:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Israel, places, children — and what happens in the verse to this, pillars, pieces, Asherim, high places, Judah, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּכְכַלּ֣וֹת כָּל־זֹ֗את יָצְא֨וּ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥להַֽנִּמְצְאִים֮ לְעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָה֒ וַיְשַׁבְּר֣וּ הַמַּצֵּב֣וֹת וַיְגַדְּע֣וּ הָאֲשֵׁרִ֡ים וַיְנַתְּצ֣וּ אֶת־הַ֠בָּמוֹת וְאֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּחֹ֞ת מִכָּל־יְהוּדָ֧ה וּבִנְיָמִ֛ן וּבְאֶפְרַ֥יִם וּמְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עַד־לְכַלֵּ֑ה וַיָּשׁ֜וּבוּ כָּל־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אִ֥ישׁ לַאֲחֻזָּת֖וֹ לְעָרֵיהֶֽם׃ס [Now when all this was finished, all Israel that were present went out to the cities of Judah, and broke in pieces the pillars, and hewed down the Asherim, and broke down the high places and the altars out of all Judah and Benjamin, in Ephraim also and Manasseh, until they had destroyed them all.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.710/) [Then all the children of Israel returned, every man to his possession, into their own cities.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.711/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:660 # text = וּכְכַלּ֣וֹת כָּל־זֹ֗את יָצְא֨וּ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥להַֽנִּמְצְאִים֮ לְעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָה֒ וַיְשַׁבְּר֣וּ הַמַּצֵּב֣וֹת וַיְגַדְּע֣וּ הָאֲשֵׁרִ֡ים וַיְנַתְּצ֣וּ אֶת־הַ֠בָּמוֹת וְאֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּחֹ֞ת מִכָּל־יְהוּדָ֧ה וּבִנְיָמִ֛ן וּבְאֶפְרַ֥יִם וּמְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עַד־לְכַלֵּ֑ה וַיָּשׁ֜וּבוּ כָּל־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אִ֥ישׁ לַאֲחֻזָּת֖וֹ לְעָרֵיהֶֽם׃ס # verse = 2CH.31.1 1-3 וּכְכַלּ֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_31:1!1|MId=o140310010011|Strong=2050b 2 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=2CH_31:1!1|MId=o140310010012|Strong=3509a 3 כַלּ֣וֹת כָּלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 6 advcl _ Gloss=as.finished|Ref=2CH_31:1!1|MId=o140310010013|Strong=3615|Frame=A0:140310010031;|Type=infinitive_construct 4 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2CH_31:1!2|MId=o140310010021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 5 זֹ֗את זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2CH_31:1!3|MId=o140310010031|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 6 יָצְא֨וּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.went.out|Ref=2CH_31:1!4|MId=o140310010041|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:140310010061;|Type=qatal 7 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2CH_31:1!5|MId=o140310010051|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 8-10 יִשְׂרָאֵ֥להַֽנִּמְצְאִים֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=2CH_31:1!6|MId=o140310010061|Strong=3478 9 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=[who|Ref=2CH_31:1!7|MId=o140310010071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 נִּמְצְאִים֮ מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 7 appos _ Gloss=were].found|Ref=2CH_31:1!7|MId=o140310010072|Strong=4672|Frame=A1:140310010061;|Type=participle_active 11-12 לְעָרֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2CH_31:1!8|MId=o140310010081|Strong=3807a 12 עָרֵ֣י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=2CH_31:1!8|MId=o140310010082|Strong=5892 13 יְהוּדָה֒ יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=2CH_31:1!9|MId=o140310010091|Strong=3063 14-15 וַיְשַׁבְּר֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_31:1!10|MId=o140310010101|Strong=2050b 15 יְשַׁבְּר֣וּ שָׁבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.broke|Ref=2CH_31:1!10|MId=o140310010102|Strong=7665|Frame=A0:140310010061;A1:140310010112;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 הַמַּצֵּב֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the.sacred|Ref=2CH_31:1!11|MId=o140310010111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 מַּצֵּב֣וֹת מַצֵּבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=pillars|Ref=2CH_31:1!11|MId=o140310010112|Strong=4676 18-19 וַיְגַדְּע֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_31:1!12|MId=o140310010121|Strong=2050b 19 יְגַדְּע֣וּ גָּדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.cut.down|Ref=2CH_31:1!12|MId=o140310010122|Strong=1438|Frame=A0:140310010061;A1:140310010132;|Type=wayyiqtol 20-21 הָאֲשֵׁרִ֡ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the.Asherah|Ref=2CH_31:1!13|MId=o140310010131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 אֲשֵׁרִ֡ים אֲשֵׁרָה PROPN _ _ 19 obj _ Gloss=poles|Ref=2CH_31:1!13|MId=o140310010132|Strong=0842 22-23 וַיְנַתְּצ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_31:1!14|MId=o140310010141|Strong=2050b 23 יְנַתְּצ֣וּ נָתַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.pulled.down|Ref=2CH_31:1!14|MId=o140310010142|Strong=5422|Frame=A0:140310010061;A1:140310010162;140310010182;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_31:1!15|MId=o140310010151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 הַ֠בָּמוֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ֠ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the.high|Ref=2CH_31:1!16|MId=o140310010161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 בָּמוֹת בָּמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 23 obj _ Gloss=places|Ref=2CH_31:1!16|MId=o140310010162|Strong=1116 27-28 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_31:1!17|MId=o140310010171|Strong=2050b 28 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_31:1!17|MId=o140310010172|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 29-30 הַֽמִּזְבְּחֹ֞ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_31:1!18|MId=o140310010181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 מִּזְבְּחֹ֞ת מִזְבֵּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 conj _ Gloss=altars|Ref=2CH_31:1!18|MId=o140310010182|Strong=4196 31-32 מִכָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2CH_31:1!19|MId=o140310010191|Strong=4480 32 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=2CH_31:1!19|MId=o140310010192|Strong=3605 33 יְהוּדָ֧ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=2CH_31:1!20|MId=o140310010201|Strong=3063 34-35 וּבִנְיָמִ֛ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_31:1!21|MId=o140310010211|Strong=2050b 35 בִנְיָמִ֛ן בִּנְיָמִן PROPN _ _ 33 conj _ Gloss=Benjamin|Ref=2CH_31:1!21|MId=o140310010212|Strong=1144 36-38 וּבְאֶפְרַ֥יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_31:1!22|MId=o140310010221|Strong=2050b 37 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2CH_31:1!22|MId=o140310010222|Strong=0871a 38 אֶפְרַ֥יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 32 conj _ Gloss=Ephraim|Ref=2CH_31:1!22|MId=o140310010223|Strong=0669 39-40 וּמְנַשֶּׁ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_31:1!23|MId=o140310010231|Strong=2050b 40 מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה מְנַשֶּׁה PROPN _ _ 38 conj _ Gloss=Manasseh|Ref=2CH_31:1!23|MId=o140310010232|Strong=4519 41 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=2CH_31:1!24|MId=o140310010241|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 42-43 לְכַלֵּ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=2CH_31:1!25|MId=o140310010251|Strong=3807a 43 כַלֵּ֑ה כָּלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 23 advcl _ Gloss=finished|Ref=2CH_31:1!25|MId=o140310010252|Strong=3615|Frame=A0:140310010061;|Type=infinitive_construct 44-45 וַיָּשׁ֜וּבוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_31:1!26|MId=o140310010261|Strong=2050b 45 יָּשׁ֜וּבוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.returned|Ref=2CH_31:1!26|MId=o140310010262|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:140310010281;|Type=wayyiqtol 46 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 45 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2CH_31:1!27|MId=o140310010271|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 47 בְּנֵ֧י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 46 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=2CH_31:1!28|MId=o140310010281|Strong=1121 48 יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 47 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2CH_31:1!29|MId=o140310010291|Strong=3478 49 אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 45 obl _ Gloss=each|Ref=2CH_31:1!30|MId=o140310010301|Strong=0376 50-52 לַאֲחֻזָּת֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 51 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2CH_31:1!31|MId=o140310010311|Strong=3807a 51 אֲחֻזָּת אֲחֻזָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 45 obl _ Gloss=possession|Ref=2CH_31:1!31|MId=o140310010312|Strong=0272 52 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 51 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2CH_31:1!31|MId=o140310010313|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 53-55 לְעָרֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 54 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2CH_31:1!32|MId=o140310010321|Strong=3807a 54 עָרֵי עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 45 obl _ Gloss=cities|Ref=2CH_31:1!32|MId=o140310010322|Strong=5892 55 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 54 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=2CH_31:1!32|MId=o140310010323|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 56 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 55 punct _ Ref=2CH_31:1!32|SpaceAfter=No 57 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 55 punct _ Ref=2CH_31:1!32 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | כַלּוֹת *as finished* | infinitive construct · piel | זֹאת *this* | | | | | יָצְאוּ *they went out* | qatal · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | נִּמְצְאִים *were\] found* | participle active · niphal | | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | יְשַׁבְּרוּ *they broke* | wayyiqtol · piel | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | מַּצֵּבוֹת *pillars* | | | | יְגַדְּעוּ *they cut down* | wayyiqtol · piel | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | אֲשֵׁרִים *poles* | | | | יְנַתְּצוּ *they pulled down* | wayyiqtol · piel | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | בָּמוֹת *places* + מִּזְבְּחֹת *altars* | | | | כַלֵּה *finished* | infinitive construct · piel | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | יָּשׁוּבוּ *they returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now when all this was finished, all Israel that were present went out to the cities of Judah, and broke in pieces the pillars, and hewed down the Asherim, and broke down the high places and the altars out of all Judah and Benjamin, in Ephraim also and Manasseh, until they had destroyed them all.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.710/) 2. [Then all the children of Israel returned, every man to his possession, into their own cities.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.711/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:660`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 30:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.30.27/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 31:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.31.2/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/31/)