--- title: 2 Chronicles 34:4 — And they broke down the altars of the Baalim in his presence; and th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they broke down the altars of the Baalim in his presence; and the sun-images, that were on high above them, he hewed down; and the Asherim, and the graven images, and the molten images, he broke in pieces, and made dust of them, and strewed it upon the graves of them that had sacrificed unto the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.34.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/34/) / 34:4 # 2 Chronicles 34:4 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** Judah, sun images, Josiah, Asherim · **What happens:** break down, be, hew down, break, make, strew · **To what, where:** altars, presence, pieces, dust, graves This is 2 Chronicles 34:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Judah, sun images, Josiah, Asherim — and what happens in the verse to altars, presence, pieces, dust, graves, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְנַתְּצ֣וּ לְפָנָ֗יו אֵ֚ת מִזְבְּח֣וֹת הַבְּעָלִ֔ים וְהַֽחַמָּנִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לְמַ֥עְלָה מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם גִּדֵּ֑עַ וְ֠הָאֲשֵׁרִים וְהַפְּסִלִ֤ים וְהַמַּסֵּכוֹת֙ שִׁבַּ֣ר וְהֵדַ֔ק וַיִּזְרֹק֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַקְּבָרִ֔ים הַזֹּבְחִ֖ים לָהֶֽם׃ [And they broke down the altars of the Baalim in his presence; and the sun-images, that were on high above them, he hewed down; and the Asherim, and the graven images, and the molten images, he broke in pieces, and made dust of them, and strewed it upon the graves of them that had sacrificed unto them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.799/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:742 # text = וַיְנַתְּצ֣וּ לְפָנָ֗יו אֵ֚ת מִזְבְּח֣וֹת הַבְּעָלִ֔ים וְהַֽחַמָּנִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לְמַ֥עְלָה מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם גִּדֵּ֑עַ וְ֠הָאֲשֵׁרִים וְהַפְּסִלִ֤ים וְהַמַּסֵּכוֹת֙ שִׁבַּ֣ר וְהֵדַ֔ק וַיִּזְרֹק֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַקְּבָרִ֔ים הַזֹּבְחִ֖ים לָהֶֽם׃ # verse = 2CH.34.4 1-2 וַיְנַתְּצ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_34:4!1|MId=o140340040011|Strong=2050b 2 יְנַתְּצ֣וּ נָתַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=people.pulled.down|Ref=2CH_34:4!1|MId=o140340040012|Strong=5422|Frame=A0:;A1:140340040041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-5 לְפָנָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=2CH_34:4!2|MId=o140340040021|Strong=3807a 4 פָנָ֗י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=2CH_34:4!2|MId=o140340040022|Strong=6440 5 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=2CH_34:4!2|MId=o140340040023|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 6 אֵ֚ת אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_34:4!3|MId=o140340040031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 7 מִזְבְּח֣וֹת מִזְבֵּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=the.altars|Ref=2CH_34:4!4|MId=o140340040041|Strong=4196 8-9 הַבְּעָלִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2CH_34:4!5|MId=o140340040051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 בְּעָלִ֔ים בַּעַל PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Baals|Ref=2CH_34:4!5|MId=o140340040052|Strong=1168 10-12 וְהַֽחַמָּנִ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_34:4!6|MId=o140340040061|Strong=2050b 11 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the.incense|Ref=2CH_34:4!6|MId=o140340040062|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 חַמָּנִ֛ים חַמָּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 obj _ Gloss=altars|Ref=2CH_34:4!6|MId=o140340040063|Strong=2553 13 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2CH_34:4!7|MId=o140340040071|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 14-16 לְמַ֥עְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=[were]|Ref=2CH_34:4!8|MId=o140340040081|Strong=3807a 15 מַ֥עְל מַעַל ADV _ _ 19 obl _ Gloss=upward|Ref=2CH_34:4!8|MId=o140340040082|Strong=4605 16 ָה ה X _ _ 15 nmod _ Gloss=upwards|Ref=2CH_34:4!8|MId=o140340040083|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 17-19 מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(from)|Ref=2CH_34:4!9|MId=o140340040091|Strong=4480 18 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=above|Ref=2CH_34:4!9|MId=o140340040092|Strong=5921 19 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=them|Ref=2CH_34:4!9|MId=o140340040093|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20 גִּדֵּ֑עַ גָּדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.cut.down|Ref=2CH_34:4!10|MId=o140340040101|Strong=1438|Frame=A0:140340010041;A1:140340040063;|Type=qatal 21-23 וְ֠הָאֲשֵׁרִים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_34:4!11|MId=o140340040111|Strong=2050b 22 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the.Asherah|Ref=2CH_34:4!11|MId=o140340040112|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 אֲשֵׁרִים אֲשֵׁרָה PROPN _ _ 30 obj _ Gloss=poles|Ref=2CH_34:4!11|MId=o140340040113|Strong=0842 24-26 וְהַפְּסִלִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_34:4!12|MId=o140340040121|Strong=2050b 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_34:4!12|MId=o140340040122|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 פְּסִלִ֤ים פָּסִיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 conj _ Gloss=idols|Ref=2CH_34:4!12|MId=o140340040123|Strong=6456 27-29 וְהַמַּסֵּכוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_34:4!13|MId=o140340040131|Strong=2050b 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the.molten|Ref=2CH_34:4!13|MId=o140340040132|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 מַּסֵּכוֹת֙ מַסֵּכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 23 conj _ Gloss=images|Ref=2CH_34:4!13|MId=o140340040133|Strong=4541 30 שִׁבַּ֣ר שָׁבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.broke.in.pieces|Ref=2CH_34:4!14|MId=o140340040141|Strong=7665|Frame=A0:140340010041;A1:140340040113;140340040123;140340040133;|Type=qatal 31-32 וְהֵדַ֔ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_34:4!15|MId=o140340040151|Strong=2050b 32 הֵדַ֔ק דָּקַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 30 conj _ Gloss=he.pulverized.[them]|Ref=2CH_34:4!15|MId=o140340040152|Strong=1854|Frame=AA:140340010041;A0:140340040113;140340040123;140340040133;|Type=qatal 33-34 וַיִּזְרֹק֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_34:4!16|MId=o140340040161|Strong=2050b 34 יִּזְרֹק֙ זָרַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.sprinkled.[them]|Ref=2CH_34:4!16|MId=o140340040162|Strong=2236|Frame=A0:140340010041;|Type=wayyiqtol 35 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2CH_34:4!17|MId=o140340040171|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 36 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 34 obl _ Gloss=the.surface|Ref=2CH_34:4!18|MId=o140340040181|Strong=6440 37-38 הַקְּבָרִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2CH_34:4!19|MId=o140340040191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 קְּבָרִ֔ים קֶבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.graves|Ref=2CH_34:4!19|MId=o140340040192|Strong=6913 39-40 הַזֹּבְחִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 40 mark _ Gloss=[which|Ref=2CH_34:4!20|MId=o140340040201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 זֹּבְחִ֖ים זָבַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 38 acl:relcl _ Gloss=had].sacrificed|Ref=2CH_34:4!20|MId=o140340040202|Strong=2076|Type=participle_active 41-42 לָהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 ל לְ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2CH_34:4!21|MId=o140340040211|Strong=3807a 42 ָהֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=2CH_34:4!21|MId=o140340040212|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=2CH_34:4!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְנַתְּצוּ *people pulled down* | wayyiqtol · piel | | מִזְבְּחוֹת *the altars* | | | | גִּדֵּעַ *he cut down* | qatal · piel | | חַמָּנִים *altars* | | | | שִׁבַּר *he broke in pieces* | qatal · piel | | אֲשֵׁרִים *poles* + פְּסִלִים *idols* + מַּסֵּכוֹת *images* | | | | הֵדַק *he pulverized \[them\]* | qatal · hiphil | אֲשֵׁרִים *poles* + פְּסִלִים *idols* + מַּסֵּכוֹת *images* | | | | | יִּזְרֹק *he sprinkled \[them\]* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they broke down the altars of the Baalim in his presence; and the sun-images, that were on high above them, he hewed down; and the Asherim, and the graven images, and the molten images, he broke in pieces, and made dust of them, and strewed it upon the graves of them that had sacrificed unto them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.799/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:742`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 34:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.34.3/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 34:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.34.5/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/34/)