--- title: 2 Chronicles 35:18 — And there was no passover like to that kept in Israel from the days… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And there was no passover like to that kept in Israel from the days of Samuel the prophet; neither did any of the kings of Israel keep such a passover as Josiah kept, and the priests, and the Levites, and all Judah and Israel that were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. Who acts: passover, a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.35.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/35/) / 35:18 # 2 Chronicles 35:18 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** passover, any, Josiah, Israel · **What happens:** be, keep · **To what, where:** Israel, passover This is 2 Chronicles 35:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — passover, any, Josiah, Israel — and what happens in the verse to Israel, passover, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלֹֽא־נַעֲשָׂ֨ה פֶ֤סַח כָּמֹ֙הוּ֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִימֵ֖י שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל הַנָּבִ֑יא וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ׀ לֹֽא־עָשׂ֡וּ כַּפֶּ֣סַח אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה יֹֽ֠אשִׁיָּהוּ וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֨ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֤ם וְכָל־יְהוּדָה֙ וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הַנִּמְצָ֔א וְיוֹשְׁבֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ס [And there was no passover like to that kept in Israel from the days of Samuel the prophet; neither did any of the kings of Israel keep such a passover as Josiah kept, and the priests, and the Levites, and all Judah and Israel that were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.850/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:789 # text = וְלֹֽא־נַעֲשָׂ֨ה פֶ֤סַח כָּמֹ֙הוּ֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִימֵ֖י שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל הַנָּבִ֑יא וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ׀ לֹֽא־עָשׂ֡וּ כַּפֶּ֣סַח אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה יֹֽ֠אשִׁיָּהוּ וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֨ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֤ם וְכָל־יְהוּדָה֙ וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הַנִּמְצָ֔א וְיוֹשְׁבֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ס # verse = 2CH.35.18 1-2 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_35:18!1|MId=o140350180011|Strong=2050b 2 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2CH_35:18!1|MId=o140350180012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 נַעֲשָׂ֨ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.had.been.observed|Ref=2CH_35:18!2|MId=o140350180021|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:140350180031;|Type=qatal 4 פֶ֤סַח פֶּסַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=a.passover|Ref=2CH_35:18!3|MId=o140350180031|Strong=6453 5-6 כָּמֹ֙הוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 כָּמֹ֙ כְּמוֹ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=2CH_35:18!4|MId=o140350180041|Strong=3644 6 הוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=2CH_35:18!4|MId=o140350180042|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 7-8 בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2CH_35:18!5|MId=o140350180051|Strong=0871a 8 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 3 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=2CH_35:18!5|MId=o140350180052|Strong=3478 9-10 מִימֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=since|Ref=2CH_35:18!6|MId=o140350180061|Strong=4480 10 ימֵ֖י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 obl _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=2CH_35:18!6|MId=o140350180062|Strong=3117 11 שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל שְׁמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Samuel|Ref=2CH_35:18!7|MId=o140350180071|Strong=8050 12-13 הַנָּבִ֑יא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_35:18!8|MId=o140350180081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 נָּבִ֑יא נָבִיא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 appos _ Gloss=prophet|Ref=2CH_35:18!8|MId=o140350180082|Strong=5030 14-15 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_35:18!9|MId=o140350180091|Strong=2050b 15 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=any|Ref=2CH_35:18!9|MId=o140350180092|Strong=3605 16 מַלְכֵ֣י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(the).kings|Ref=2CH_35:18!10|MId=o140350180101|Strong=4428 17 יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2CH_35:18!11|MId=o140350180111|Strong=3478 18 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=2CH_35:18!11 19 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2CH_35:18!12|MId=o140350180121|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 20 עָשׂ֡וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.had.observed|Ref=2CH_35:18!13|MId=o140350180131|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:140350180101;|Type=qatal 21-23 כַּפֶּ֣סַח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=2CH_35:18!14|MId=o140350180141|Strong=3509a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_35:18!14|MId=o140350180141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 פֶּ֣סַח פֶּסַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=passover|Ref=2CH_35:18!14|MId=o140350180142|Strong=6453 24 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2CH_35:18!15|MId=o140350180151|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 25 עָשָׂ֣ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 23 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.observed|Ref=2CH_35:18!16|MId=o140350180161|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:140350180171;140350180183;140350180193;140350180211;140350180222;140350180242;A1:140350180143;|Type=qatal 26 יֹֽ֠אשִׁיָּהוּ יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ PROPN _ _ 25 nsubj _ Gloss=Josiah|Ref=2CH_35:18!17|MId=o140350180171|Strong=2977a 27-29 וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_35:18!18|MId=o140350180181|Strong=2050b 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_35:18!18|MId=o140350180182|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 כֹּהֲנִ֨ים כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 conj _ Gloss=priests|Ref=2CH_35:18!18|MId=o140350180183|Strong=3548 30-32 וְהַלְוִיִּ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_35:18!19|MId=o140350180191|Strong=2050b 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_35:18!19|MId=o140350180192|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 לְוִיִּ֤ם לֵוִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 conj _ Gloss=Levites|Ref=2CH_35:18!19|MId=o140350180193|Strong=3881|Type=gentilic 33-34 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_35:18!20|MId=o140350180201|Strong=2050b 34 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2CH_35:18!20|MId=o140350180202|Strong=3605 35 יְהוּדָה֙ יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=2CH_35:18!21|MId=o140350180211|Strong=3063 36-37 וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_35:18!22|MId=o140350180221|Strong=2050b 37 יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 26 conj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=2CH_35:18!22|MId=o140350180222|Strong=3478 38-39 הַנִּמְצָ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=[which|Ref=2CH_35:18!23|MId=o140350180231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 נִּמְצָ֔א מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 37 appos _ Gloss=was].found|Ref=2CH_35:18!23|MId=o140350180232|Strong=4672|Frame=A1:140350180222;|Type=participle_active 40-41 וְיוֹשְׁבֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_35:18!24|MId=o140350180241|Strong=2050b 41 יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 26 conj _ Gloss=the.inhabitants|Ref=2CH_35:18!24|MId=o140350180242|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 42 יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 41 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=2CH_35:18!25|MId=o140350180251|Strong=3389|SpaceAfter=No 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=2CH_35:18!25|SpaceAfter=No 44 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=2CH_35:18!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** נַעֲשָׂה *it had been observed* | qatal · niphal | | פֶסַח *a passover* | | | | **not** עָשׂוּ *they had observed* | qatal · qal | מַלְכֵי *(the) kings* | | | | | עָשָׂה *he observed* | qatal · qal | יֹֽאשִׁיָּהוּ *Josiah* + כֹּהֲנִים *priests* + לְוִיִּם *Levites* + יְהוּדָה *Judah* + יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* + יוֹשְׁבֵי *the inhabitants* | | | | | נִּמְצָא *was\] found* | participle active · niphal | | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And there was no passover like to that kept in Israel from the days of Samuel the prophet; neither did any of the kings of Israel keep such a passover as Josiah kept, and the priests, and the Levites, and all Judah and Israel that were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.850/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:789`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 35:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.35.17/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 35:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.35.19/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/35/)