--- title: 2 Chronicles 36:13 — And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him s… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel. Who acts: Zedekiah, king Nebuchadnezzar. 2 Chronicles 36:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatic --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.36.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/36/) / 36:13 # 2 Chronicles 36:13 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב **Who acts:** Zedekiah, king Nebuchadnezzar · **What happens:** rebel, make, swear, stiffen, harden, turn · **To what, where:** Zedekiah, neck, heart This is 2 Chronicles 36:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Zedekiah, king Nebuchadnezzar — and what happens in the verse to Zedekiah, neck, heart, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְ֠גַם בַּמֶּ֤לֶךְ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙ מָרָ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבִּיע֖וֹ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ אֶת־עָרְפּוֹ֙ וַיְאַמֵּ֣ץ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ מִשּׁ֕וּב אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.875/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2CH:811 # text = וְ֠גַם בַּמֶּ֤לֶךְ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙ מָרָ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבִּיע֖וֹ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ אֶת־עָרְפּוֹ֙ וַיְאַמֵּ֣ץ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ מִשּׁ֕וּב אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ # verse = 2CH.36.13 1-2 וְ֠גַם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_36:13!1|MId=o140360130011|Strong=2050b 2 גַם גַּם ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=2CH_36:13!1|MId=o140360130012|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 3-5 בַּמֶּ֤לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=2CH_36:13!2|MId=o140360130021|Strong=0871a 4 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2CH_36:13!2|MId=o140360130021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 מֶּ֤לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=2CH_36:13!2|MId=o140360130022|Strong=4428 6 נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙ נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר PROPN _ _ 5 appos _ Gloss=Nebuchadnezzar|Ref=2CH_36:13!3|MId=o140360130031|Strong=5019 7 מָרָ֔ד מָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.rebelled|Ref=2CH_36:13!4|MId=o140360130041|Strong=4775|Frame=A0:140360110051;|Type=qatal 8 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=2CH_36:13!5|MId=o140360130051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9-10 הִשְׁבִּיע֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הִשְׁבִּיע שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=2CH_36:13!6|MId=o140360130061|Strong=7650|Frame=AA:140360130023;A0:140360130062;|Type=qatal 10 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ Gloss=had.made.him.swear.an.oath|Ref=2CH_36:13!6|MId=o140360130062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בֵּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=2CH_36:13!7|MId=o140360130071|Strong=0871a 12 אלֹהִ֑ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=God|Ref=2CH_36:13!7|MId=o140360130072|Strong=0430 13-14 וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_36:13!8|MId=o140360130081|Strong=2050b 14 יֶּ֤קֶשׁ קָשָׁה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=he.stiffened|Ref=2CH_36:13!8|MId=o140360130082|Strong=7185|Frame=AA:140360110051;A0:140360130101;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_36:13!9|MId=o140360130091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 עָרְפּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 עָרְפּ עֹרֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=neck|Ref=2CH_36:13!10|MId=o140360130101|Strong=6203 17 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2CH_36:13!10|MId=o140360130102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-19 וַיְאַמֵּ֣ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2CH_36:13!11|MId=o140360130111|Strong=2050b 19 יְאַמֵּ֣ץ אָמֵץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=he.made.hard|Ref=2CH_36:13!11|MId=o140360130112|Strong=0553|Frame=A0:140360110051;A1:140360130131;|Type=wayyiqtol 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2CH_36:13!12|MId=o140360130121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 לְבָב֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְבָב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=2CH_36:13!13|MId=o140360130131|Strong=3824 22 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2CH_36:13!13|MId=o140360130132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23-24 מִשּׁ֕וּב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2CH_36:13!14|MId=o140360130141|Strong=4480 24 שּׁ֕וּב שׁוּב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 19 advcl _ Gloss=turning.back|Ref=2CH_36:13!14|MId=o140360130142|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:140360110051;|Type=infinitive_construct 25 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2CH_36:13!15|MId=o140360130151|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 26 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 24 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2CH_36:13!16|MId=o140360130161|Strong=3068 27 אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=2CH_36:13!17|MId=o140360130171|Strong=0430 28 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2CH_36:13!18|MId=o140360130181|Strong=3478|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=2CH_36:13!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מָרָד *he rebelled* | qatal · qal | | | | | | הִשְׁבִּיע *he* | qatal · hiphil | וֹ *had made him swear an oath* | | | | | יֶּקֶשׁ *he stiffened* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | עָרְפּ *neck* | | | | | יְאַמֵּץ *he made hard* | wayyiqtol · piel | | לְבָב *heart* | | | | שּׁוּב *turning back* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.875/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2CH:811`. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 36:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.36.12/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 36:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.36.14/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/36/)