--- title: Daniel 1:10 — And the chief of the officers said unto Daniel: 'I fear my lord the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the chief of the officers said unto Daniel: 'I fear my lord the king, who hath appointed your food and your drink; for why should he see your faces sad in comparison with the youths that are of your own age? so would ye endanger my head with the king.' Who acts: chief, I, king, youths. Daniel 1: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.1.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/1/) / 1:10 # Daniel 1:10 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** chief, I, king, youths, ye · **What happens:** say, fear, appoint, see, be, endanger · **To what, where:** lord, food, faces, comparison, head · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 1:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — chief, I, king, youths, ye — and what happens in the verse to lord, food, faces, comparison, head, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֜אמֶר שַׂ֤ר הַסָּרִיסִים֙ לְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל יָרֵ֤א אֲנִי֙ אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִנָּ֔ה אֶת־מַאֲכַלְכֶ֖ם וְאֶת־מִשְׁתֵּיכֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֡ר לָמָּה֩ יִרְאֶ֨ה אֶת־פְּנֵיכֶ֜ם זֹֽעֲפִ֗ים מִן־הַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כְּגִֽילְכֶ֔ם וְחִיַּבְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־רֹאשִׁ֖י לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ [And the chief of the officers said unto Daniel: 'I fear my lord the king, who hath appointed your food and your drink; for why should he see your faces sad in comparison with the youths that are of your own age? so would ye endanger my head with the king.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.9/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DAN:9 # text = וַיֹּ֜אמֶר שַׂ֤ר הַסָּרִיסִים֙ לְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל יָרֵ֤א אֲנִי֙ אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִנָּ֔ה אֶת־מַאֲכַלְכֶ֖ם וְאֶת־מִשְׁתֵּיכֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֡ר לָמָּה֩ יִרְאֶ֨ה אֶת־פְּנֵיכֶ֜ם זֹֽעֲפִ֗ים מִן־הַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כְּגִֽילְכֶ֔ם וְחִיַּבְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־רֹאשִׁ֖י לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ # verse = DAN.1.10 1-2 וַיֹּ֜אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_1:10!1|MId=o270010100011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֜אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=DAN_1:10!1|MId=o270010100012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:270010100021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שַׂ֤ר שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.chief|Ref=DAN_1:10!2|MId=o270010100021|Strong=8269 4-5 הַסָּרִיסִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_1:10!3|MId=o270010100031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 סָּרִיסִים֙ סָרִיס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.officials|Ref=DAN_1:10!3|MId=o270010100032|Strong=5631 6-7 לְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_1:10!4|MId=o270010100041|Strong=3807a 7 דָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל דָּנִיֵּאל PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Daniel|Ref=DAN_1:10!4|MId=o270010100042|Strong=1840 8 יָרֵ֤א יָרֵא ADJ _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].fearing|Ref=DAN_1:10!5|MId=o270010100051|Strong=3373|Type=participle_active 9 אֲנִי֙ אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=DAN_1:10!6|MId=o270010100061|Strong=0589|Type=personal 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DAN_1:10!7|MId=o270010100071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 אֲדֹנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=master|Ref=DAN_1:10!8|MId=o270010100081|Strong=0113 12 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=DAN_1:10!8|MId=o270010100082|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 13-14 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_1:10!9|MId=o270010100091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 appos _ Gloss=king|Ref=DAN_1:10!9|MId=o270010100092|Strong=4428 15 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=DAN_1:10!10|MId=o270010100101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 16 מִנָּ֔ה מָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.has.assigned|Ref=DAN_1:10!11|MId=o270010100111|Strong=4487|Frame=A0:270010100081;A1:270010100131;270010100151;|Type=qatal 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DAN_1:10!12|MId=o270010100121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 מַאֲכַלְכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מַאֲכַל מַאֲכָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=food|Ref=DAN_1:10!13|MId=o270010100131|Strong=3978 19 ְכֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DAN_1:10!13|MId=o270010100132|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 20-21 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_1:10!14|MId=o270010100141|Strong=2050b 21 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DAN_1:10!14|MId=o270010100142|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 22-23 מִשְׁתֵּיכֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מִשְׁתֵּי מִשְׁתֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=drink|Ref=DAN_1:10!15|MId=o270010100151|Strong=4960 23 כֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DAN_1:10!15|MId=o270010100152|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 24 אֲשֶׁ֡ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=DAN_1:10!16|MId=o270010100161|Strong=0834|Type=relative 25-26 לָמָּה֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לָ לָמָה ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=|Ref=DAN_1:10!17|MId=o270010100171|Strong=3807a 26 מָּה֩ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 27 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=DAN_1:10!17|MId=o270010100172|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 27 יִרְאֶ֨ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 parataxis _ Gloss=will.he.see|Ref=DAN_1:10!18|MId=o270010100181|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:270010100081;A1:270010100211;|Type=yiqtol 28 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DAN_1:10!19|MId=o270010100191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 פְּנֵיכֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 פְּנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ Gloss=faces|Ref=DAN_1:10!20|MId=o270010100201|Strong=6440 30 כֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DAN_1:10!20|MId=o270010100202|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 31 זֹֽעֲפִ֗ים זָעַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 27 obj _ Gloss=looking.thin|Ref=DAN_1:10!21|MId=o270010100211|Strong=2196a|Frame=A0:270010100201;|Type=participle_active 32 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=more.than|Ref=DAN_1:10!22|MId=o270010100221|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 הַיְלָדִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_1:10!23|MId=o270010100231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 יְלָדִים֙ יֶלֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 obl _ Gloss=youths|Ref=DAN_1:10!23|MId=o270010100232|Strong=3206 35 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 37 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=DAN_1:10!24|MId=o270010100241|Strong=0834|Type=relative 36-38 כְּגִֽילְכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=[are].about|Ref=DAN_1:10!25|MId=o270010100251|Strong=3509a 37 גִֽיל גִּיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 acl:relcl _ Gloss=age|Ref=DAN_1:10!25|MId=o270010100252|Strong=1524a 38 ְכֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DAN_1:10!25|MId=o270010100253|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 39-40 וְחִיַּבְתֶּ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_1:10!26|MId=o270010100261|Strong=2050b 40 חִיַּבְתֶּ֥ם חוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 8 conj _ Gloss=you.will.endanger|Ref=DAN_1:10!26|MId=o270010100262|Strong=2325|Frame=A0:270010100042;270010070093;270010070113;270010070133;A1:270010100281;|Type=weqatal 41 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DAN_1:10!27|MId=o270010100271|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 42-43 רֹאשִׁ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 רֹאשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 obj _ Gloss=head|Ref=DAN_1:10!28|MId=o270010100281|Strong=7218 43 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=DAN_1:10!28|MId=o270010100282|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 44-46 לַמֶּֽלֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_1:10!29|MId=o270010100291|Strong=3807a 45 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 46 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_1:10!29|MId=o270010100291ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 46 מֶּֽלֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=DAN_1:10!29|MId=o270010100292|Strong=4428 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=DAN_1:10!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שַׂר *the chief* | | | | | מִנָּה *he has assigned* | qatal · piel | אֲדֹנ *master* | מַאֲכַל *food* + מִשְׁתֵּי *drink* | | | | יִרְאֶה *will he see* | yiqtol · qal | אֲדֹנ *master* | זֹֽעֲפִים *looking thin* | | | | זֹֽעֲפִים *looking thin* | participle active · qal | פְּנֵי *faces* | | | | | חִיַּבְתֶּם *you will endanger* | weqatal · piel | דָנִיֵּאל *Daniel* | רֹאשׁ *head* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the chief of the officers said unto Daniel: 'I fear my lord the king, who hath appointed your food and your drink; for why should he see your faces sad in comparison with the youths that are of your own age? so would ye endanger my head with the king.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.9/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DAN:9`. - ← previous: [Daniel 1:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.1.9/) - next →: [Daniel 1:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.1.11/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/1/)