--- title: Daniel 1:8 — But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself wi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the king's food, nor with the wine which he drank; therefore he requested of the chief of the officers that he might not defile himself. Who acts: Daniel, chief. Daniel 1:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.1.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/1/) / 1:8 # Daniel 1:8 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** Daniel, chief · **What happens:** purpose, not defile, drink, request · **To what, where:** heart, chief, wine · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 1:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Daniel, chief — and what happens in the verse to heart, chief, wine, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֤שֶׂם דָּנִיֵּאל֙ עַל־לִבּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יִתְגָּאַ֛ל בְּפַתְבַּ֥ג הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וּבְיֵ֣ין מִשְׁתָּ֑יו וַיְבַקֵּשׁ֙ מִשַּׂ֣ר הַסָּרִיסִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א יִתְגָּאָֽל׃ [But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the king's food, nor with the wine which he drank; therefore he requested of the chief of the officers that he might not defile himself.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.7/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DAN:7 # text = וַיָּ֤שֶׂם דָּנִיֵּאל֙ עַל־לִבּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יִתְגָּאַ֛ל בְּפַתְבַּ֥ג הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וּבְיֵ֣ין מִשְׁתָּ֑יו וַיְבַקֵּשׁ֙ מִשַּׂ֣ר הַסָּרִיסִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א יִתְגָּאָֽל׃ # verse = DAN.1.8 1-2 וַיָּ֤שֶׂם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_1:8!1|MId=o270010080011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֤שֶׂם שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.set|Ref=DAN_1:8!1|MId=o270010080012|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:270010080021;A1:270010080071;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּנִיֵּאל֙ דָּנִיֵּאל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Daniel|Ref=DAN_1:8!2|MId=o270010080021|Strong=1840 4 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DAN_1:8!3|MId=o270010080031|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 לִבּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=heart|Ref=DAN_1:8!4|MId=o270010080041|Strong=3820 6 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DAN_1:8!4|MId=o270010080042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=DAN_1:8!5|MId=o270010080051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 8 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DAN_1:8!6|MId=o270010080061|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 9 יִתְגָּאַ֛ל גָּאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.defiled.himself|Ref=DAN_1:8!7|MId=o270010080071|Strong=1351|Frame=A0:270010080021;|Type=yiqtol 10-11 בְּפַתְבַּ֥ג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DAN_1:8!8|MId=o270010080081|Strong=0871a 11 פַתְבַּ֥ג פַּתבָּג NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=the.delicaci[es]|Ref=DAN_1:8!8|MId=o270010080082|Strong=6598 12-13 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_1:8!9|MId=o270010080091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=DAN_1:8!9|MId=o270010080092|Strong=4428 14-16 וּבְיֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_1:8!10|MId=o270010080101|Strong=2050b 15 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DAN_1:8!10|MId=o270010080102|Strong=0871a 16 יֵ֣ין יַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=the.wine|Ref=DAN_1:8!10|MId=o270010080103|Strong=3196 17-18 מִשְׁתָּ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִשְׁתָּ֑י מִשְׁתֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.drink|Ref=DAN_1:8!11|MId=o270010080111|Strong=4960 18 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DAN_1:8!11|MId=o270010080112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-20 וַיְבַקֵּשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_1:8!12|MId=o270010080121|Strong=2050b 20 יְבַקֵּשׁ֙ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.requested|Ref=DAN_1:8!12|MId=o270010080122|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:270010080021;A1:270010080171;|Type=wayyiqtol 21-22 מִשַּׂ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DAN_1:8!13|MId=o270010080131|Strong=4480 22 שַּׂ֣ר שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=the.chief|Ref=DAN_1:8!13|MId=o270010080132|Strong=8269 23-24 הַסָּרִיסִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_1:8!14|MId=o270010080141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 סָּרִיסִ֔ים סָרִיס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.officials|Ref=DAN_1:8!14|MId=o270010080142|Strong=5631 25 אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=DAN_1:8!15|MId=o270010080151|Strong=0834|Type=relative 26 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DAN_1:8!16|MId=o270010080161|Strong=3808|Type=negative 27 יִתְגָּאָֽל גָּאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.will.defile.himself|Ref=DAN_1:8!17|MId=o270010080171|Strong=1351|Frame=A0:270010080021;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=DAN_1:8!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּשֶׂם *he set* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּנִיֵּאל *Daniel* | יִתְגָּאַל *he defiled himself* | | | | **not** יִתְגָּאַל *he defiled himself* | yiqtol · hithpael | דָּנִיֵּאל *Daniel* | | | | | יְבַקֵּשׁ *he requested* | wayyiqtol · piel | דָּנִיֵּאל *Daniel* | יִתְגָּאָֽל *he will defile himself* | | | | **not** יִתְגָּאָֽל *he will defile himself* | yiqtol · hithpael | דָּנִיֵּאל *Daniel* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the king's food, nor with the wine which he drank; therefore he requested of the chief of the officers that he might not defile himself.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.7/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DAN:7`. - ← previous: [Daniel 1:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.1.7/) - next →: [Daniel 1:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.1.9/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/1/)