--- title: Daniel 2:21 — And He changeth the times and the seasons; He removeth kings, and se… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: And He changeth the times and the seasons; He removeth kings, and setteth up kings; He giveth wisdom unto the wise, and knowledge to them that know understanding; Who acts: name, knowledge. Daniel 2:21 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/2/) / 2:21 # Daniel 2:21 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** name, knowledge · **What happens:** change, remove, set up, give, know · **To what, where:** kings, wisdom, wise, understanding This is Daniel 2:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — name, knowledge — and what happens in the verse to kings, wisdom, wise, understanding, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְ֠הוּא מְהַשְׁנֵ֤א עִדָּנַיָּא֙ וְזִמְנַיָּ֔א מְהַעְדֵּ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין וּמְהָקֵ֣ים מַלְכִ֑ין יָהֵ֤ב חָכְמְתָא֙ לְחַכִּימִ֔ין וּמַנְדְּעָ֖א לְיָדְעֵ֥י בִינָֽה׃ [And He changeth the times and the seasons; He removeth kings, and setteth up kings; He giveth wisdom unto the wise, and knowledge to them that know understanding;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.43/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:17 # text = וְ֠הוּא מְהַשְׁנֵ֤א עִדָּנַיָּא֙ וְזִמְנַיָּ֔א מְהַעְדֵּ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין וּמְהָקֵ֣ים מַלְכִ֑ין יָהֵ֤ב חָכְמְתָא֙ לְחַכִּימִ֔ין וּמַנְדְּעָ֖א לְיָדְעֵ֥י בִינָֽה׃ # verse = DAN.2.21 1-2 וְ֠הוּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_2:21!1|MId=o270020210011|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 2 הוּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=DAN_2:21!1|MId=o270020210012|Strong=1932|Lang=arc|Type=personal 3 מְהַשְׁנֵ֤א שׁנה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HAPHEL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[is].changing|Ref=DAN_2:21!2|MId=o270020210021|Strong=8133|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020210012;A1:270020210031;270020210042;|Type=participle_active 4-5 עִדָּנַיָּא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 עִדָּנַיּ עִדָּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 obj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_2:21!3|MId=o270020210031|Strong=5732|Lang=arc 5 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=times|Ref=DAN_2:21!3|MId=o270020210032|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 6-8 וְזִמְנַיָּ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_2:21!4|MId=o270020210041|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 7 זִמְנַיּ זְמַן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 conj _ Gloss=the.appointed|Ref=DAN_2:21!4|MId=o270020210042|Strong=2166|Lang=arc 8 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=times|Ref=DAN_2:21!4|MId=o270020210043|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 9 מְהַעְדֵּ֥ה עֲדָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HAPHEL|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=[he.is].removing|Ref=DAN_2:21!5|MId=o270020210051|Strong=5709|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020200071;A1:270020210061;|Type=participle_active 10 מַלְכִ֖ין מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=kings|Ref=DAN_2:21!6|MId=o270020210061|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 11-12 וּמְהָקֵ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_2:21!7|MId=o270020210071|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 12 מְהָקֵ֣ים קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HAPHEL|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=[he.is].setting.up|Ref=DAN_2:21!7|MId=o270020210072|Strong=6966|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020200071;A1:270020210081;|Type=participle_active 13 מַלְכִ֑ין מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obj _ Gloss=kings|Ref=DAN_2:21!8|MId=o270020210081|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 14 יָהֵ֤ב יְהַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=[he.is].giving|Ref=DAN_2:21!9|MId=o270020210091|Strong=3052|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020200071;A1:270020210101;|Type=participle_active 15-16 חָכְמְתָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 חָכְמְת חׇכְמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DAN_2:21!10|MId=o270020210101|Strong=2452|Lang=arc 16 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=wisdom|Ref=DAN_2:21!10|MId=o270020210102|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 17-18 לְחַכִּימִ֔ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_2:21!11|MId=o270020210111|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 18 חַכִּימִ֔ין חַכִּים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=wise.men|Ref=DAN_2:21!11|MId=o270020210112|Strong=2445|Lang=arc 19-21 וּמַנְדְּעָ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_2:21!12|MId=o270020210121|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 20 מַנְדְּע מַנְדַּע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DAN_2:21!12|MId=o270020210122|Strong=4486|Lang=arc 21 ָ֖א א DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=understanding|Ref=DAN_2:21!12|MId=o270020210123|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 22-23 לְיָדְעֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_2:21!13|MId=o270020210131|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 23 יָדְעֵ֥י יְדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur 20 advcl _ Gloss=ones.knowing|Ref=DAN_2:21!13|MId=o270020210132|Strong=3046|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:270020210141;|Type=participle_active 24 בִינָֽה בִּינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).discernment|Ref=DAN_2:21!14|MId=o270020210141|Strong=0999|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=DAN_2:21!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מְהַשְׁנֵא *\[is\] changing* | participle active · haphel | הוּא *he* | עִדָּנַיּ *the* + זִמְנַיּ *the appointed* | | | | מְהַעְדֵּה *\[he is\] removing* | participle active · haphel | | מַלְכִין *kings* | | | | מְהָקֵים *\[he is\] setting up* | participle active · haphel | | מַלְכִין *kings* | | | | יָהֵב *\[he is\] giving* | participle active · peal | | חָכְמְת *(the)* | | | | יָדְעֵי *ones knowing* | participle active · peal | | בִינָֽה *(of) discernment* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And He changeth the times and the seasons; He removeth kings, and setteth up kings; He giveth wisdom unto the wise, and knowledge to them that know understanding;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.43/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:17`. - ← previous: [Daniel 2:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.20/) - next →: [Daniel 2:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.22/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/2/)