--- title: Daniel 2:4 — Then spoke the Chaldeans to the king in Aramaic: 'O king, live for e… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: Then spoke the Chaldeans to the king in Aramaic: 'O king, live for ever! tell thy servants the dream, and we will declare the interpretation.' Who acts: Chaldeans, we. Daniel 2:4 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/2/) / 2:4 # Daniel 2:4 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** Chaldeans, we · **What happens:** speak, live, tell, declare · **To what, where:** Aramaic, dream, servants, interpretation · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 2:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — Chaldeans, we — and what happens in the verse to Aramaic, dream, servants, interpretation, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽיְדַבְּר֧וּ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֛ים לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲרָמִ֑ית מַלְכָּא֙ לְעָלְמִ֣ין חֱיִ֔י אֱמַ֥ר חֶלְמָ֛א לְעַבְדָ֖ךְ וּפִשְׁרָ֥א נְחַוֵּֽא׃ [Then spoke the Chaldeans to the king in Aramaic: 'O king, live for ever! tell thy servants the dream, and we will declare the interpretation.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.25/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:0 # text = וַֽיְדַבְּר֧וּ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֛ים לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲרָמִ֑ית מַלְכָּא֙ לְעָלְמִ֣ין חֱיִ֔י אֱמַ֥ר חֶלְמָ֛א לְעַבְדָ֖ךְ וּפִשְׁרָ֥א נְחַוֵּֽא׃ # verse = DAN.2.4 1-2 וַֽיְדַבְּר֧וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_2:4!1|MId=o270020040011|Strong=2050b|Lang=hbo 2 יְדַבְּר֧וּ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.spoke|Ref=DAN_2:4!1|MId=o270020040012|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:270020040022;|Type=wayyiqtol|Lang=hbo 3-4 הַכַּשְׂדִּ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_2:4!2|MId=o270020040021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article|Lang=hbo 4 כַּשְׂדִּ֛ים כַּשְׂדִּים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Chaldeans|Ref=DAN_2:4!2|MId=o270020040022|Strong=3778|Type=gentilic|Lang=hbo 5-7 לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_2:4!3|MId=o270020040031|Strong=3807a|Lang=hbo 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_2:4!3|MId=o270020040031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article|Lang=hbo 7 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=DAN_2:4!3|MId=o270020040032|Strong=4428|Lang=hbo 8 אֲרָמִ֑ית אֲרָמִי NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=Aramaic|Ref=DAN_2:4!4|MId=o270020040041|Strong=0762|Type=gentilic|Lang=hbo 9-10 מַלְכָּא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 dislocated _ Gloss=O|Ref=DAN_2:4!5|MId=o270020040051|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 10 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=king|Ref=DAN_2:4!5|MId=o270020040052|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 11-12 לְעָלְמִ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=|Ref=DAN_2:4!6|MId=o270020040061|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 12 עָלְמִ֣ין עָלַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=forever|Ref=DAN_2:4!6|MId=o270020040062|Strong=5957|Lang=arc 13 חֱיִ֔י חיה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=live!|Ref=DAN_2:4!7|MId=o270020040071|Strong=2418|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020040051;|Type=imperative 14 אֱמַ֥ר אֲמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 13 parataxis _ Gloss=tell!|Ref=DAN_2:4!8|MId=o270020040081|Strong=0560|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020040051;A1:270020040091;|Type=imperative 15-16 חֶלְמָ֛א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 חֶלְמ חֵלֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_2:4!9|MId=o270020040091|Strong=2493|Lang=arc 16 ָ֛א א DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=dream|Ref=DAN_2:4!9|MId=o270020040092|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 17-19 לְעַבְדָ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_2:4!11|MId=o270020040111|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 18 עַבְד עֲבַד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=servant|Ref=DAN_2:4!11|MId=o270020040112|Strong=5649|Lang=arc 19 ָ֖ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DAN_2:4!11|MId=o270020040113|Strong=3509e|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 20-22 וּפִשְׁרָ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_2:4!12|MId=o270020040121|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 21 פִשְׁר פְּשַׁר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_2:4!12|MId=o270020040122|Strong=6591|Lang=arc 22 ָ֥א א DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=interpretation|Ref=DAN_2:4!12|MId=o270020040123|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 23 נְחַוֵּֽא חֲוָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PAEL|Number=Plur|Person=1 13 conj _ Gloss=we.will.declare|Ref=DAN_2:4!13|MId=o270020040131|Strong=2324|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020040112;A1:270020040122;A2:270020040051;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=DAN_2:4!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְדַבְּרוּ *they spoke* | wayyiqtol · piel | כַּשְׂדִּים *Chaldeans* | | | | | חֱיִי *live!* | imperative · peal | מַלְכּ *O* | | | | | אֱמַר *tell!* | imperative · peal | מַלְכּ *O* | חֶלְמ *the* | | | | נְחַוֵּֽא *we will declare* | yiqtol · pael | עַבְד *servant* | פִשְׁר *the* | מַלְכּ *O* | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then spoke the Chaldeans to the king in Aramaic: 'O king, live for ever! tell thy servants the dream, and we will declare the interpretation.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.25/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:0`. - ← previous: [Daniel 2:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.3/) - next →: [Daniel 2:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.5/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/2/)