--- title: Daniel 2:40 — And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron; forasmuch as iron br… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron; forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and beateth down all things; and as iron that crusheth all these, shall it break in pieces and crush. Who acts: fourth kingdom, iron. Daniel 2:40 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.40/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/2/) / 2:40 # Daniel 2:40 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** fourth kingdom, iron · **What happens:** be, break, beat down, crush · **To what, where:** pieces, things, these This is Daniel 2:40 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — fourth kingdom, iron — and what happens in the verse to pieces, things, these, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמַלְכוּ֙ רְבִ֣יעָאָ֔ה תֶּהֱוֵ֥א תַקִּיפָ֖ה כְּפַרְזְלָ֑א כָּל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּ֤י פַרְזְלָא֙ מְהַדֵּ֤ק וְחָשֵׁל֙ כֹּ֔לָּא וּֽכְפַרְזְלָ֛א דִּֽי־מְרָעַ֥ע כָּל־אִלֵּ֖ין תַּדִּ֥ק וְתֵרֹֽעַ׃ [And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron; forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and beateth down all things; and as iron that crusheth all these, shall it break in pieces and crush.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.64/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:36 # text = וּמַלְכוּ֙ רְבִ֣יעָאָ֔ה תֶּהֱוֵ֥א תַקִּיפָ֖ה כְּפַרְזְלָ֑א כָּל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּ֤י פַרְזְלָא֙ מְהַדֵּ֤ק וְחָשֵׁל֙ כֹּ֔לָּא וּֽכְפַרְזְלָ֛א דִּֽי־מְרָעַ֥ע כָּל־אִלֵּ֖ין תַּדִּ֥ק וְתֵרֹֽעַ׃ # verse = DAN.2.40 1-2 וּמַלְכוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_2:40!1|MId=o270020400011|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 2 מַלְכוּ֙ מַלְכוּ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=a.kingdom|Ref=DAN_2:40!1|MId=o270020400012|Strong=4437|Lang=arc 3 רְבִ֣יעָאָ֔ה רְבִיעִי NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nummod _ Gloss=fourth|Ref=DAN_2:40!3|MId=o270020400031|Strong=7244|Lang=arc|Type=ordinal_number 4 תֶּהֱוֵ֥א הוה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=DAN_2:40!4|MId=o270020400041|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020400012;|Type=yiqtol 5 תַקִּיפָ֖ה תַּקִּיף ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=strong|Ref=DAN_2:40!5|MId=o270020400051|Strong=8624|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 6-8 כְּפַרְזְלָ֑א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=DAN_2:40!6|MId=o270020400061|Strong=3509d|Lang=arc 7 פַרְזְל פַּרְזֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DAN_2:40!6|MId=o270020400062|Strong=6523|Lang=arc 8 ָ֑א א DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=iron|Ref=DAN_2:40!6|MId=o270020400063|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 9-10 כָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 כָּ כְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=DAN_2:40!7|MId=o270020400071|Strong=3509d|Lang=arc 10 ל־ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_2:40!7|MId=o270020400072|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 11 קֳבֵ֗ל קֳבֵל NOUN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=because|Ref=DAN_2:40!8|MId=o270020400081|Strong=6903|Lang=arc 12 דִּ֤י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=DAN_2:40!9|MId=o270020400091|Strong=1768|Lang=arc 13-14 פַרְזְלָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 פַרְזְל פַּרְזֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_2:40!10|MId=o270020400101|Strong=6523|Lang=arc 14 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=iron|Ref=DAN_2:40!10|MId=o270020400102|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 15 מְהַדֵּ֤ק דְּקַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HAPHEL|Number=Sing 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].shattering|Ref=DAN_2:40!11|MId=o270020400111|Strong=1855|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020400101;A1:270020400131;|Type=participle_active 16-17 וְחָשֵׁל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and.[is]|Ref=DAN_2:40!12|MId=o270020400121|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 17 חָשֵׁל֙ חֲשַׁל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=crushing|Ref=DAN_2:40!12|MId=o270020400122|Strong=2827|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020400101;A1:270020400131;|Type=participle_active 18-19 כֹּ֔לָּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 כֹּ֔לּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DAN_2:40!13|MId=o270020400131|Strong=3606|Lang=arc 19 ָא א DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=everything|Ref=DAN_2:40!13|MId=o270020400132|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 20-23 וּֽכְפַרְזְלָ֛א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_2:40!14|MId=o270020400141|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 21 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=DAN_2:40!14|MId=o270020400142|Strong=3509d|Lang=arc 22 פַרְזְל פַּרְזֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DAN_2:40!14|MId=o270020400143|Strong=6523|Lang=arc 23 ָ֛א א DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=iron|Ref=DAN_2:40!14|MId=o270020400144|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 24 דִּֽי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DAN_2:40!15|MId=o270020400151|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 25 מְרָעַ֥ע רְעַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 22 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].crushing|Ref=DAN_2:40!16|MId=o270020400161|Strong=7490|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020400143;|Type=participle_active 26 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=DAN_2:40!17|MId=o270020400171|Strong=3606|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 27 אִלֵּ֖ין אִלֵּין DET _ Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 26 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=DAN_2:40!18|MId=o270020400181|Strong=0459|Lang=arc|Type=demonstrative 28 תַּדִּ֥ק דְּקַק VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HAPHEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.will.shatter|Ref=DAN_2:40!19|MId=o270020400191|Strong=1855|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020400012;A1:270020400181;|Type=yiqtol 29-30 וְתֵרֹֽעַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_2:40!20|MId=o270020400201|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 30 תֵרֹֽעַ רְעַע VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 28 conj _ Gloss=it.will.crush|Ref=DAN_2:40!20|MId=o270020400202|Strong=7490|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020400012;A1:270020400181;|Type=yiqtol 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=DAN_2:40!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֶּהֱוֵא *it will be* | yiqtol · peal | מַלְכוּ *a kingdom* | | | | | מְהַדֵּק *\[is\] shattering* | participle active · haphel | פַרְזְל *the* | כֹּלּ *(the)* | | | | חָשֵׁל *crushing* | participle active · peal | פַרְזְל *the* | כֹּלּ *(the)* | | | | מְרָעַע *\[is\] crushing* | participle active · peal | פַרְזְל *(the)* | | | | | תַּדִּק *it will shatter* | yiqtol · haphel | מַלְכוּ *a kingdom* | אִלֵּין *these* | | | | תֵרֹֽעַ *it will crush* | yiqtol · peal | מַלְכוּ *a kingdom* | אִלֵּין *these* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron; forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and beateth down all things; and as iron that crusheth all these, shall it break in pieces and crush.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.64/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:36`. - ← previous: [Daniel 2:39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.39/) - next →: [Daniel 2:41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.41/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/2/)