--- title: Daniel 2:45 — Forasmuch as thou sawest that a stone was cut out of the mountain wi… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: Forasmuch as thou sawest that a stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it broke in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter; and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.45/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/2/) / 2:45 # Daniel 2:45 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** thou, stone, great God, dream, interpretation · **What happens:** see, cut out, break, make, know, come · **To what, where:** stone, mountain, iron, pieces · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 2:45 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, stone, great God, dream, interpretation — and what happens in the verse to stone, mountain, iron, pieces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דִּֽי־חֲזַ֡יְתָ דִּ֣י מִטּוּרָא֩ אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶת אֶ֜בֶן דִּי־לָ֣א בִידַ֗יִן וְ֠הַדֶּקֶת פַּרְזְלָ֨א נְחָשָׁ֤א חַסְפָּא֙ כַּסְפָּ֣א וְדַהֲבָ֔א אֱלָ֥הּ רַב֙ הוֹדַ֣ע לְמַלְכָּ֔א מָ֛ה דִּ֥י לֶהֱוֵ֖א אַחֲרֵ֣י דְנָ֑ה וְיַצִּ֥יב חֶלְמָ֖א וּמְהֵימַ֥ן פִּשְׁרֵֽהּ׃פ [Forasmuch as thou sawest that a stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it broke in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter; and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.69/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:41 # text = כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דִּֽי־חֲזַ֡יְתָ דִּ֣י מִטּוּרָא֩ אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶת אֶ֜בֶן דִּי־לָ֣א בִידַ֗יִן וְ֠הַדֶּקֶת פַּרְזְלָ֨א נְחָשָׁ֤א חַסְפָּא֙ כַּסְפָּ֣א וְדַהֲבָ֔א אֱלָ֥הּ רַב֙ הוֹדַ֣ע לְמַלְכָּ֔א מָ֛ה דִּ֥י לֶהֱוֵ֖א אַחֲרֵ֣י דְנָ֑ה וְיַצִּ֥יב חֶלְמָ֖א וּמְהֵימַ֥ן פִּשְׁרֵֽהּ׃פ # verse = DAN.2.45 1-2 כָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 כָּ כְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=DAN_2:45!1|MId=o270020450011|Strong=3509d|Lang=arc 2 ל־ לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_2:45!1|MId=o270020450012|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 3 קֳבֵ֣ל קֳבֵל NOUN _ _ 31 obl _ Gloss=because|Ref=DAN_2:45!2|MId=o270020450021|Strong=6903|Lang=arc 4 דִּֽי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=DAN_2:45!3|MId=o270020450031|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 5 חֲזַ֡יְתָ חֲזָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.saw|Ref=DAN_2:45!4|MId=o270020450041|Strong=2370|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020370021;A1:270020450071;270020450122;|Type=qatal 6 דִּ֣י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=(diy).that|Ref=DAN_2:45!5|MId=o270020450051|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 7-9 מִטּוּרָא֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DAN_2:45!6|MId=o270020450061|Strong=4481|Lang=arc 8 טּוּר טוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DAN_2:45!6|MId=o270020450062|Strong=2906|Lang=arc 9 ָא֩ א DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=mountain|Ref=DAN_2:45!6|MId=o270020450063|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 10 אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶת גְּזַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=ITHPEEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.was.cut.out|Ref=DAN_2:45!7|MId=o270020450071|Strong=1505|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:270020450081;|Type=qatal 11 אֶ֜בֶן אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=a.stone|Ref=DAN_2:45!8|MId=o270020450081|Strong=0069|Lang=arc 12 דִּי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DAN_2:45!9|MId=o270020450091|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 13 לָ֣א לָא ADV _ _ 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=not|Ref=DAN_2:45!10|MId=o270020450101|Strong=3809|Lang=arc|Type=negative 14-15 בִידַ֗יִן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=[was].by|Ref=DAN_2:45!11|MId=o270020450111|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 15 ידַ֗יִן יַד NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 13 obl _ Gloss=hands|Ref=DAN_2:45!11|MId=o270020450112|Strong=3028|Lang=arc 16-17 וְ֠הַדֶּקֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_2:45!12|MId=o270020450121|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 17 הַדֶּקֶת דְּקַק VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HAPHEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 conj _ Gloss=it.shattered|Ref=DAN_2:45!12|MId=o270020450122|Strong=1855|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020450081;A1:270020450131;270020450141;270020450151;270020450161;270020450172;|Type=qatal 18-19 פַּרְזְלָ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 פַּרְזְל פַּרְזֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_2:45!13|MId=o270020450131|Strong=6523|Lang=arc 19 ָ֨א א DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=iron|Ref=DAN_2:45!13|MId=o270020450132|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 20-21 נְחָשָׁ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 נְחָשׁ נְחָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_2:45!14|MId=o270020450141|Strong=5174|Lang=arc 21 ָ֤א א DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=bronze|Ref=DAN_2:45!14|MId=o270020450142|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 22-23 חַסְפָּא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 חַסְפּ חֲסַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_2:45!15|MId=o270020450151|Strong=2635|Lang=arc 23 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=clay|Ref=DAN_2:45!15|MId=o270020450152|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 24-25 כַּסְפָּ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 כַּסְפּ כְּסַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_2:45!16|MId=o270020450161|Strong=3702|Lang=arc 25 ָ֣א א DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=silver|Ref=DAN_2:45!16|MId=o270020450162|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 26-28 וְדַהֲבָ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_2:45!17|MId=o270020450171|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 27 דַהֲב דְּהַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_2:45!17|MId=o270020450172|Strong=1722|Lang=arc 28 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=gold|Ref=DAN_2:45!17|MId=o270020450173|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 29 אֱלָ֥הּ אֱלָהּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=DAN_2:45!18|MId=o270020450181|Strong=0426|Lang=arc 30 רַב֙ רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=DAN_2:45!19|MId=o270020450191|Strong=7229|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 31 הוֹדַ֣ע יְדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HAPHEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.made.known|Ref=DAN_2:45!20|MId=o270020450201|Strong=3046|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020450181;A1:270020450221;|Type=qatal 32-34 לְמַלְכָּ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_2:45!21|MId=o270020450211|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 33 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_2:45!21|MId=o270020450212|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 34 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=king|Ref=DAN_2:45!21|MId=o270020450213|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 35 מָ֛ה מָה PRON _ Number=Sing|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=what|Ref=DAN_2:45!22|MId=o270020450221|Strong=4101|Lang=arc|Type=indefinite 36 דִּ֥י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 39 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=DAN_2:45!23|MId=o270020450231|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 37 לֶהֱוֵ֖א הוה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 39 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=DAN_2:45!24|MId=o270020450241|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270020450221;|Type=yiqtol 38 אַחֲרֵ֣י אַחַר ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=DAN_2:45!25|MId=o270020450251|Strong=0311|Lang=arc 39 דְנָ֑ה דְּנָה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 35 acl:relcl _ Gloss=this|Ref=DAN_2:45!26|MId=o270020450261|Strong=1836|Lang=arc|Type=demonstrative 40-41 וְיַצִּ֥יב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and.[is]|Ref=DAN_2:45!27|MId=o270020450271|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 41 יַצִּ֥יב יַצִּיב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 conj _ Gloss=certain|Ref=DAN_2:45!27|MId=o270020450272|Strong=3330|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 42-43 חֶלְמָ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 חֶלְמ חֵלֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_2:45!28|MId=o270020450281|Strong=2493|Lang=arc 43 ָ֖א א DET _ PronType=Art 42 det _ Gloss=dream|Ref=DAN_2:45!28|MId=o270020450282|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 44-45 וּמְהֵימַ֥ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and.[is]|Ref=DAN_2:45!29|MId=o270020450291|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 45 מְהֵימַ֥ן אֲמַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HAPHEL|Number=Sing 31 conj _ Gloss=trustworthy|Ref=DAN_2:45!29|MId=o270020450292|Strong=0540|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:270020450301;|Type=participle_passive 46-47 פִּשְׁרֵֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 פִּשְׁר פְּשַׁר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 45 nsubj _ Gloss=interpretation|Ref=DAN_2:45!30|MId=o270020450301|Strong=6591|Lang=arc 47 ֵֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=DAN_2:45!30|MId=o270020450302|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=DAN_2:45!30|SpaceAfter=No 49 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=DAN_2:45!30 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | חֲזַיְתָ *you saw* | qatal · peal | | אִתְגְּזֶרֶת *it was cut out* + הַדֶּקֶת *it shattered* | | | | אִתְגְּזֶרֶת *it was cut out* | qatal · ithpeel | | אֶבֶן *a stone* | | | | הַדֶּקֶת *it shattered* | qatal · haphel | אֶבֶן *a stone* | פַּרְזְל *the* + נְחָשׁ *the* + חַסְפּ *the* + כַּסְפּ *the* + דַהֲב *the* | | | | הוֹדַע *he has made known* | qatal · haphel | אֱלָהּ *God* | מָה *what* | | | | לֶהֱוֵא *it will be* | yiqtol · peal | מָה *what* | | | | | מְהֵימַן *trustworthy* | participle passive · haphel | | פִּשְׁר *interpretation* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Forasmuch as thou sawest that a stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it broke in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter; and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.69/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:41`. - ← previous: [Daniel 2:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.44/) - next →: [Daniel 2:46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.46/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/2/)