--- title: Daniel 3:18 — But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve th… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.' Who acts: we, thou. Daniel 3:18 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/3/) / 3:18 # Daniel 3:18 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** we, thou · **What happens:** know, not serve, worship, set up · **To what, where:** furnace, gods, golden image · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 3:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, thou — and what happens in the verse to furnace, gods, golden image, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהֵ֣ן לָ֔א יְדִ֥יעַ לֶהֱוֵא־לָ֖ךְ מַלְכָּ֑א דִּ֤י לֵֽאלָהָךְ֙לָא־אִיתַ֣נָא פָֽלְחִ֔ין וּלְצֶ֧לֶם דַּהֲבָ֛א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ לָ֥א נִסְגֻּֽד׃ס [But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.92/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:63 # text = וְהֵ֣ן לָ֔א יְדִ֥יעַ לֶהֱוֵא־לָ֖ךְ מַלְכָּ֑א דִּ֤י לֵֽאלָהָךְ֙לָא־אִיתַ֣נָא פָֽלְחִ֔ין וּלְצֶ֧לֶם דַּהֲבָ֛א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ לָ֥א נִסְגֻּֽד׃ס # verse = DAN.3.18 1-2 וְהֵ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_3:18!1|MId=o270030180011|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 2 הֵ֣ן הֵן SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=DAN_3:18!1|MId=o270030180012|Strong=2006|Lang=arc 3 לָ֔א לָא ADV _ _ 4 advcl _ Gloss=not|Ref=DAN_3:18!2|MId=o270030180021|Strong=3809|Lang=arc|Type=negative 4 יְדִ֥יעַ יְדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=known|Ref=DAN_3:18!3|MId=o270030180031|Strong=3046|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:270030180131;270030180191;A1:270030180131;270030180191;|Type=participle_passive 5 לֶהֱוֵא־ הוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 dep _ Gloss=let.it.be|Ref=DAN_3:18!4|MId=o270030180041|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 לָ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ל לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_3:18!5|MId=o270030180051|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 7 ָ֖ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DAN_3:18!5|MId=o270030180052|Strong=3509e|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 8-9 מַלְכָּ֑א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 dislocated _ Gloss=O|Ref=DAN_3:18!6|MId=o270030180061|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 9 ָ֑א א DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=king|Ref=DAN_3:18!6|MId=o270030180062|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 10 דִּ֤י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=(diy).that|Ref=DAN_3:18!7|MId=o270030180071|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 11-14 לֵֽאלָהָךְ֙לָא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לֵֽ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_3:18!9|MId=o270030180091|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 12 אלָה אֱלָהּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=gods|Ref=DAN_3:18!9|MId=o270030180092|Strong=0426|Lang=arc 13 ָךְ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DAN_3:18!9|MId=o270030180093|Strong=3509e|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 14 לָא־ לָא ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DAN_3:18!10|MId=o270030180101|Strong=3809|Lang=arc|Type=negative 15-16 אִיתַ֣נָא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 אִית אִיתַי NOUN _ _ 17 obl _ Gloss=there|Ref=DAN_3:18!12|MId=o270030180121|Strong=0383|Lang=arc|Type=affirmation 16 ַ֣נָא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=DAN_3:18!12|MId=o270030180122|Strong=4996b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 17 פָֽלְחִ֔ין פְּלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[are].paying.reverence|Ref=DAN_3:18!13|MId=o270030180131|Strong=6399|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270030180122;|Type=participle_active 18-20 וּלְצֶ֧לֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_3:18!14|MId=o270030180141|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_3:18!14|MId=o270030180142|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 20 צֶ֧לֶם צְלֵם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=the.image|Ref=DAN_3:18!14|MId=o270030180143|Strong=6755|Lang=arc 21-22 דַּהֲבָ֛א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 דַּהֲב דְּהַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=DAN_3:18!15|MId=o270030180151|Strong=1722|Lang=arc 22 ָ֛א א DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=gold|Ref=DAN_3:18!15|MId=o270030180152|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 23 דִּ֥י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DAN_3:18!16|MId=o270030180161|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 24 הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HAPHEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.have.set.up|Ref=DAN_3:18!17|MId=o270030180171|Strong=6966|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270030180061;A1:270030180143;|Type=qatal 25 לָ֥א לָא ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DAN_3:18!18|MId=o270030180181|Strong=3809|Lang=arc|Type=negative 26 נִסְגֻּֽד סְגִד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 17 conj _ Gloss=we.will.pay.homage|Ref=DAN_3:18!19|MId=o270030180191|Strong=5457|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270030160021;270030160031;270030160042;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=DAN_3:18!19|SpaceAfter=No 28 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=DAN_3:18!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְדִיעַ *known* | participle passive · peal | | פָֽלְחִין *\[are\] paying reverence* + נִסְגֻּֽד *we will pay homage* + פָֽלְחִין *\[are\] paying reverence* + נִסְגֻּֽד *we will pay homage* | | | | פָֽלְחִין *\[are\] paying reverence* | participle active · peal | ַנָא *we* | | | | | הֲקֵימְתָּ *you have set up* | qatal · haphel | מַלְכּ *O* | צֶלֶם *the image* | | | | נִסְגֻּֽד *we will pay homage* | yiqtol · peal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.92/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:63`. - ← previous: [Daniel 3:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.17/) - next →: [Daniel 3:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.19/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/3/)