--- title: Daniel 3:22 — Therefore because the king's commandment was peremptory, and the fur… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore because the king's commandment was peremptory, and the furnace exceeding hot, the flame of the fire slew those men that took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego. Who acts: commandment, furnace, men, king. Daniel 3:22 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/3/) / 3:22 # Daniel 3:22 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** commandment, furnace, men, king, fire · **What happens:** be, exceed, slay, take up, command, flame · **To what, where:** men, Shadrach · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 3:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — commandment, furnace, men, king, fire — and what happens in the verse to men, Shadrach, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֗ה מִן־דִּ֞י מִלַּ֤ת מַלְכָּא֙ מַחְצְפָ֔ה וְאַתּוּנָ֖א אֵזֵ֣ה יַתִּ֑ירָא גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֗ךְ דִּ֤י הַסִּ֙קוּ֙ לְשַׁדְרַ֤ךְ מֵישַׁךְ֙ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ עֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ קַטִּ֣ל הִמּ֔וֹן שְׁבִיבָ֖א דִּ֥י נוּרָֽא׃ [Therefore because the king's commandment was peremptory, and the furnace exceeding hot, the flame of the fire slew those men that took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.96/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:67 # text = כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֗ה מִן־דִּ֞י מִלַּ֤ת מַלְכָּא֙ מַחְצְפָ֔ה וְאַתּוּנָ֖א אֵזֵ֣ה יַתִּ֑ירָא גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֗ךְ דִּ֤י הַסִּ֙קוּ֙ לְשַׁדְרַ֤ךְ מֵישַׁךְ֙ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ עֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ קַטִּ֣ל הִמּ֔וֹן שְׁבִיבָ֖א דִּ֥י נוּרָֽא׃ # verse = DAN.3.22 1-2 כָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 כָּ כְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=DAN_3:22!1|MId=o270030220011|Strong=3509d|Lang=arc 2 ל־ לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_3:22!1|MId=o270030220012|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 3 קֳבֵ֣ל קֳבֵל NOUN _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=because|Ref=DAN_3:22!2|MId=o270030220021|Strong=6903|Lang=arc 4 דְּנָ֗ה דְּנָה DET _ PronType=Dem 3 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=DAN_3:22!3|MId=o270030220031|Strong=1836|Lang=arc 5 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 29 parataxis _ Gloss=from|Ref=DAN_3:22!4|MId=o270030220041|Strong=4481|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 6 דִּ֞י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=DAN_3:22!5|MId=o270030220051|Strong=1768|Lang=arc 7 מִלַּ֤ת מִלָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=DAN_3:22!6|MId=o270030220061|Strong=4406|Lang=arc 8-9 מַלְכָּא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_3:22!7|MId=o270030220071|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 9 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=DAN_3:22!7|MId=o270030220072|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 10 מַחְצְפָ֔ה חֲצַף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=APHEL|Number=Sing 5 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].harsh|Ref=DAN_3:22!8|MId=o270030220081|Strong=2685|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270030220061;|Type=participle_active 11-13 וְאַתּוּנָ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_3:22!9|MId=o270030220091|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 12 אַתּוּנ אַתּוּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_3:22!9|MId=o270030220092|Strong=0861|Lang=arc 13 ָ֖א א DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=furnace|Ref=DAN_3:22!9|MId=o270030220093|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 14 אֵזֵ֣ה אזה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=[was].heated|Ref=DAN_3:22!10|MId=o270030220101|Strong=0228|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:270030220092;|Type=participle_passive 15 יַתִּ֑ירָא יַתִּיר ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=DAN_3:22!11|MId=o270030220111|Strong=3493|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 16-17 גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 גֻּבְרַיּ גְּבַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 dislocated _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_3:22!12|MId=o270030220121|Strong=1400|Lang=arc 17 ָ֣א א DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=men|Ref=DAN_3:22!12|MId=o270030220122|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 18 אִלֵּ֗ךְ אִלֵּךְ DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 16 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=DAN_3:22!13|MId=o270030220131|Strong=0479|Lang=arc|Type=demonstrative 19 דִּ֤י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=DAN_3:22!14|MId=o270030220141|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 20 הַסִּ֙קוּ֙ סלק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HAPHEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 16 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.took.up|Ref=DAN_3:22!15|MId=o270030220151|Strong=5559|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270030220121;|Type=qatal 21-22 לְשַׁדְרַ֤ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DAN_3:22!16|MId=o270030220161|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc|Type=direct_object_marker 22 שַׁדְרַ֤ךְ שַׁדְרַךְ PROPN _ _ 20 obl _ Gloss=Shadrach|Ref=DAN_3:22!16|MId=o270030220162|Strong=7715|Lang=arc 23 מֵישַׁךְ֙ מֵישַׁךְ PROPN _ _ 22 conj _ Gloss=Meshach|Ref=DAN_3:22!17|MId=o270030220171|Strong=4336|Lang=arc 24-25 וַעֲבֵ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=|Ref=DAN_3:22!18|MId=o270030220181|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 25 עֲבֵ֣ד עֲבֵד PROPN _ _ 22 conj _ Gloss=and.Abednego|Ref=DAN_3:22!18|MId=o270030220182|Lang=arc 26 נְג֔וֹ נְגוֹ PROPN _ _ 25 flat:name _ Ref=DAN_3:22!18 27 עֲבֵ֣ד עֲבֵד PROPN _ _ 22 conj _ Gloss=and.Abednego|Ref=DAN_3:22!19|MId=o270030220191|Lang=arc 28 נְג֔וֹ נְגוֹ PROPN _ _ 27 flat:name _ Ref=DAN_3:22!19 29 קַטִּ֣ל קְטַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=it.killed|Ref=DAN_3:22!20|MId=o270030220201|Strong=6992|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:270030220201;A0:270030220211;|Type=qatal 30 הִמּ֔וֹן הִמֹּון PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=DAN_3:22!21|MId=o270030220211|Strong=1994|Lang=arc|Type=personal 31-32 שְׁבִיבָ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 שְׁבִיב שְׂבִיב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_3:22!22|MId=o270030220221|Strong=7631|Lang=arc 32 ָ֖א א DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=flame|Ref=DAN_3:22!22|MId=o270030220222|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 33 דִּ֥י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 34 mark _ Gloss=(diy).of|Ref=DAN_3:22!23|MId=o270030220231|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 34-35 נוּרָֽא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 נוּר נוּר NOUN _ Number=Sing 31 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_3:22!24|MId=o270030220241|Strong=5135|Lang=arc 35 ָֽא א DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=fire|Ref=DAN_3:22!24|MId=o270030220242|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=DAN_3:22!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מַחְצְפָה *\[was\] harsh* | participle active · aphel | מִלַּת *the word* | | | | | אֵזֵה *\[was\] heated* | participle passive · peal | | אַתּוּנ *the* | | | | הַסִּקוּ *they took up* | qatal · haphel | גֻּבְרַיּ *the* | | | | | קַטִּל *it killed* | qatal · pael | הִמּוֹן *them* | קַטִּל *it killed* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore because the king's commandment was peremptory, and the furnace exceeding hot, the flame of the fire slew those men that took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.96/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:67`. - ← previous: [Daniel 3:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.21/) - next →: [Daniel 3:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.23/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/3/)