--- title: Daniel 3:4 — And the herald cried aloud: 'To you it is commanded, O peoples, nati… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: And the herald cried aloud: 'To you it is commanded, O peoples, nations, and languages, Who acts: herald. Daniel 3:4 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/3/) / 3:4 # Daniel 3:4 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** herald · **What happens:** cry, command · **To what, where:** herald, you · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 3:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — herald — and what happens in the verse to herald, you, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכָרוֹזָ֖א קָרֵ֣א בְחָ֑יִל לְכ֤וֹן אָֽמְרִין֙ עַֽמְמַיָּ֔א אֻמַּיָּ֖א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּֽא׃ [And the herald cried aloud: 'To you it is commanded, O peoples, nations, and languages,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.77/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:49 # text = וְכָרוֹזָ֖א קָרֵ֣א בְחָ֑יִל לְכ֤וֹן אָֽמְרִין֙ עַֽמְמַיָּ֔א אֻמַּיָּ֖א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּֽא׃ # verse = DAN.3.4 1-3 וְכָרוֹזָ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_3:4!1|MId=o270030040011|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 2 כָרוֹז כָּרוֹז NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_3:4!1|MId=o270030040012|Strong=3744|Lang=arc 3 ָ֖א א DET _ PronType=Art 2 det _ Gloss=herald|Ref=DAN_3:4!1|MId=o270030040013|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 4 קָרֵ֣א קְרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[was].proclaiming|Ref=DAN_3:4!2|MId=o270030040021|Strong=7123|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270030040012;|Type=participle_active 5-6 בְחָ֑יִל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DAN_3:4!3|MId=o270030040031|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 6 חָ֑יִל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=power|Ref=DAN_3:4!3|MId=o270030040032|Strong=2429|Lang=arc 7-8 לְכ֤וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ל לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_3:4!4|MId=o270030040041|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 8 ְכ֤וֹן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DAN_3:4!4|MId=o270030040042|Strong=3561a|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 9 אָֽמְרִין֙ אֲמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur 4 ccomp _ Gloss=[they.are].saying|Ref=DAN_3:4!5|MId=o270030040051|Strong=0560|Lang=arc|Type=participle_active 10-11 עַֽמְמַיָּ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 עַֽמְמַיּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 ccomp _ Gloss=O|Ref=DAN_3:4!6|MId=o270030040061|Strong=5972|Lang=arc 11 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=peoples|Ref=DAN_3:4!6|MId=o270030040062|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 12-13 אֻמַּיָּ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֻמַּיּ אֻמָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 conj _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DAN_3:4!7|MId=o270030040071|Strong=0524|Lang=arc 13 ָ֖א א DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=nations|Ref=DAN_3:4!7|MId=o270030040072|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 14-16 וְלִשָּׁנַיָּֽא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_3:4!8|MId=o270030040081|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 15 לִשָּׁנַיּ לִשָּׁן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 conj _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DAN_3:4!8|MId=o270030040082|Strong=3961|Lang=arc 16 ָֽא א DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=languages|Ref=DAN_3:4!8|MId=o270030040083|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 17 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=DAN_3:4!8 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קָרֵא *\[was\] proclaiming* | participle active · peal | כָרוֹז *the* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the herald cried aloud: 'To you it is commanded, O peoples, nations, and languages,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.77/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:49`. - ← previous: [Daniel 3:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.3/) - next →: [Daniel 3:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.5/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/3/)