--- title: Daniel 4:10 — I saw in the visions of my head upon my bed, and, behold, a watcher… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: I saw in the visions of my head upon my bed, and, behold, a watcher and a holy one came down from heaven. Who acts: I, watcher. Daniel 4:10 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/) / 4:10 # Daniel 4:10 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** I, watcher · **What happens:** see, come down · **To what, where:** visions, heaven This is Daniel 4:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, watcher — and what happens in the verse to visions, heaven, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. חָזֵ֥ה הֲוֵ֛ית בְּחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשִׁ֖י עַֽל־מִשְׁכְּבִ֑י וַאֲלוּ֙ עִ֣יר וְקַדִּ֔ישׁ מִן־שְׁמַיָּ֖א נָחִֽת׃ [I saw in the visions of my head upon my bed, and, behold, a watcher and a holy one came down from heaven.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.118/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:88 # text = חָזֵ֥ה הֲוֵ֛ית בְּחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשִׁ֖י עַֽל־מִשְׁכְּבִ֑י וַאֲלוּ֙ עִ֣יר וְקַדִּ֔ישׁ מִן־שְׁמַיָּ֖א נָחִֽת׃ # verse = DAN.4.10 1 חָזֵ֥ה חֲזָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=seeing|Ref=DAN_4:10!1|MId=o270040100011|Strong=2370|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040010021;|Type=participle_active 2 הֲוֵ֛ית הוה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 dep _ Gloss=I.was|Ref=DAN_4:10!2|MId=o270040100021|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=qatal 3-4 בְּחֶזְוֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DAN_4:10!3|MId=o270040100031|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 4 חֶזְוֵ֥י חֱזוּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 obl _ Gloss=the.visions|Ref=DAN_4:10!3|MId=o270040100032|Strong=2376|Lang=arc 5-6 רֵאשִׁ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 רֵאשׁ רֵאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_4:10!4|MId=o270040100041|Strong=7217|Lang=arc 6 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my.head|Ref=DAN_4:10!4|MId=o270040100042|Strong=2967b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 7 עַֽל־ עַל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DAN_4:10!5|MId=o270040100051|Strong=5922|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 מִשְׁכְּבִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מִשְׁכְּב מִשְׁכַּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=bed|Ref=DAN_4:10!6|MId=o270040100061|Strong=4903|Lang=arc 9 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=DAN_4:10!6|MId=o270040100062|Strong=2967b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 10-11 וַאֲלוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:10!7|MId=o270040100071|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 11 אֲלוּ֙ אֲלוּ INTJ _ _ 18 discourse _ Gloss=lo!|Ref=DAN_4:10!7|MId=o270040100072|Strong=0431|Lang=arc|Type=demonstrative 12 עִ֣יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=a.watcher|Ref=DAN_4:10!8|MId=o270040100081|Strong=5894|Lang=arc 13-14 וְקַדִּ֔ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:10!9|MId=o270040100091|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 14 קַדִּ֔ישׁ קַדִּישׁ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=a.holy.[one]|Ref=DAN_4:10!9|MId=o270040100092|Strong=6922|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 15 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DAN_4:10!10|MId=o270040100101|Strong=4481|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 שְׁמַיָּ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 שְׁמַיּ שָׁמַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:10!11|MId=o270040100111|Strong=8065|Lang=arc 17 ָ֖א א DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=DAN_4:10!11|MId=o270040100112|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 18 נָחִֽת נְחֵת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=[was].coming.down|Ref=DAN_4:10!12|MId=o270040100121|Strong=5182|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040100081;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 19 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=DAN_4:10!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | חָזֵה *seeing* | participle active · peal | | | | | | נָחִֽת *\[was\] coming down* | participle active · peal | עִיר *a watcher* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I saw in the visions of my head upon my bed, and, behold, a watcher and a holy one came down from heaven.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.118/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:88`. - ← previous: [Daniel 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.9/) - next →: [Daniel 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.11/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/)