--- title: Daniel 4:11 — He cried aloud, and said thus: Hew down the tree, and cut off its br… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: He cried aloud, and said thus: Hew down the tree, and cut off its branches, shake off its leaves, and scatter its fruit; let the beasts get away from under it, and the fowls from its branches. Who acts: flesh. Daniel 4:11 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of e --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/) / 4:11 # Daniel 4:11 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** flesh · **What happens:** cry, say, hew down, cut off, shake off, scatter · **To what, where:** tree, branches, leaves, fruit, beasts, fowls · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 4:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — flesh — and what happens in the verse to tree, branches, leaves, fruit, beasts, fowls, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. קָרֵ֨א בְחַ֜יִל וְכֵ֣ן אָמַ֗ר גֹּ֤דּוּ אִֽילָנָא֙ וְקַצִּ֣צוּ עַנְפ֔וֹהִי אַתַּ֥רוּ עָפְיֵ֖הּ וּבַדַּ֣רוּ אִנְבֵּ֑הּ תְּנֻ֤ד חֵֽיוְתָא֙ מִן־תַּחְתּ֔וֹהִי וְצִפְּרַיָּ֖א מִן־עַנְפֽוֹהִי׃ [He cried aloud, and said thus: Hew down the tree, and cut off its branches, shake off its leaves, and scatter its fruit; let the beasts get away from under it, and the fowls from its branches.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.119/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:89 # text = קָרֵ֨א בְחַ֜יִל וְכֵ֣ן אָמַ֗ר גֹּ֤דּוּ אִֽילָנָא֙ וְקַצִּ֣צוּ עַנְפ֔וֹהִי אַתַּ֥רוּ עָפְיֵ֖הּ וּבַדַּ֣רוּ אִנְבֵּ֑הּ תְּנֻ֤ד חֵֽיוְתָא֙ מִן־תַּחְתּ֔וֹהִי וְצִפְּרַיָּ֖א מִן־עַנְפֽוֹהִי׃ # verse = DAN.4.11 1 קָרֵ֨א קְרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[he.was].proclaiming|Ref=DAN_4:11!1|MId=o270040110011|Strong=7123|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040100081;|Type=participle_active 2-3 בְחַ֜יִל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DAN_4:11!2|MId=o270040110021|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 3 חַ֜יִל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=power|Ref=DAN_4:11!2|MId=o270040110022|Strong=2429|Lang=arc 4-5 וְכֵ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:11!3|MId=o270040110031|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 5 כֵ֣ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=as.follows|Ref=DAN_4:11!3|MId=o270040110032|Strong=3652|Lang=arc 6 אָמַ֗ר אֲמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=[he.was].saying|Ref=DAN_4:11!4|MId=o270040110041|Strong=0560|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040100081;|Type=participle_active 7 גֹּ֤דּוּ גְּדַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 6 ccomp _ Gloss=cut.down!|Ref=DAN_4:11!5|MId=o270040110051|Strong=1414|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;A1:270040110061;|Type=imperative 8-9 אִֽילָנָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 אִֽילָנ אִילָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:11!6|MId=o270040110061|Strong=0363|Lang=arc 9 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=tree|Ref=DAN_4:11!6|MId=o270040110062|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 10-11 וְקַצִּ֣צוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:11!7|MId=o270040110071|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 11 קַצִּ֣צוּ קְצַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 7 conj _ Gloss=cut.off!|Ref=DAN_4:11!7|MId=o270040110072|Strong=7113|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;A1:270040110081;|Type=imperative 12-13 עַנְפ֔וֹהִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 עַנְפ֔וֹ עֲנַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obj _ Gloss=branches|Ref=DAN_4:11!8|MId=o270040110081|Strong=6056|Lang=arc 13 הִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=DAN_4:11!8|MId=o270040110082|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 14 אַתַּ֥רוּ נְתַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=APHEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 7 parataxis _ Gloss=strip.off!|Ref=DAN_4:11!9|MId=o270040110091|Strong=5426|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;A1:270040110101;|Type=imperative 15-16 עָפְיֵ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 עָפְי עֳפִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=foliage|Ref=DAN_4:11!10|MId=o270040110101|Strong=6074|Lang=arc 16 ֵ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=DAN_4:11!10|MId=o270040110102|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 17-18 וּבַדַּ֣רוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:11!11|MId=o270040110111|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 18 בַדַּ֣רוּ בְּדַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 7 conj _ Gloss=scatter!|Ref=DAN_4:11!11|MId=o270040110112|Strong=0921|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;A1:270040110121;|Type=imperative 19-20 אִנְבֵּ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אִנְבּ אֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=fruit|Ref=DAN_4:11!12|MId=o270040110121|Strong=0004|Lang=arc 20 ֵ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=DAN_4:11!12|MId=o270040110122|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 21 תְּנֻ֤ד נוּד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 parataxis _ Gloss=let.it.flee|Ref=DAN_4:11!13|MId=o270040110131|Strong=5111|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040110141;|Type=yiqtol 22-23 חֵֽיוְתָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 חֵֽיוְת חֵיוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:11!14|MId=o270040110141|Strong=2423|Lang=arc 23 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=animal[s]|Ref=DAN_4:11!14|MId=o270040110142|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 24 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DAN_4:11!15|MId=o270040110151|Strong=4481|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 תַּחְתּ֔וֹהִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 תַּחְתּ֔וֹ תְּחֹות ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=under|Ref=DAN_4:11!16|MId=o270040110161|Strong=8460|Lang=arc 26 הִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=DAN_4:11!16|MId=o270040110162|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 27-29 וְצִפְּרַיָּ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:11!17|MId=o270040110171|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 28 צִפְּרַיּ צְפַר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 21 conj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:11!17|MId=o270040110172|Strong=6853|Lang=arc 29 ָ֖א א DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=birds|Ref=DAN_4:11!17|MId=o270040110173|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 30 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DAN_4:11!18|MId=o270040110181|Strong=4481|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 31-32 עַנְפֽוֹהִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 עַנְפֽוֹ עֲנַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=branches|Ref=DAN_4:11!19|MId=o270040110191|Strong=6056|Lang=arc 32 הִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=DAN_4:11!19|MId=o270040110192|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=DAN_4:11!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קָרֵא *\[he was\] proclaiming* | participle active · peal | | | | | | אָמַר *\[he was\] saying* | participle active · peal | | | | | | גֹּדּוּ *cut down!* | imperative · peal | | אִֽילָנ *the* | | | | קַצִּצוּ *cut off!* | imperative · pael | | עַנְפוֹ *branches* | | | | אַתַּרוּ *strip off!* | imperative · aphel | | עָפְי *foliage* | | | | בַדַּרוּ *scatter!* | imperative · pael | | אִנְבּ *fruit* | | | | תְּנֻד *let it flee* | yiqtol · peal | חֵֽיוְת *the* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [He cried aloud, and said thus: Hew down the tree, and cut off its branches, shake off its leaves, and scatter its fruit; let the beasts get away from under it, and the fowls from its branches.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.119/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:89`. - ← previous: [Daniel 4:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.10/) - next →: [Daniel 4:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.12/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/)