--- title: Daniel 4:16 — Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was appalled for a while,… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was appalled for a while, and his thoughts affrighted him. The king spoke and said: 'Belteshazzar, let not the dream, or the interpretation, affright thee.' Belteshazzar answered and said: 'My lord, the dream be to them that hate thee, and the interpretation --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/) / 4:16 # Daniel 4:16 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** name, thoughts, Belteshazzar, Daniel, king, dream · **What happens:** be, appall, affright, name, think, speak · **To what, where:** Belteshazzar, Daniel, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 4:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — name, thoughts, Belteshazzar, Daniel, king, dream — and what happens in the verse to Belteshazzar, Daniel, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֱדַ֨יִן דָּֽנִיֵּ֜אל דִּֽי־שְׁמֵ֣הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֗ר אֶשְׁתּוֹמַם֙ כְּשָׁעָ֣ה חֲדָ֔ה וְרַעְיֹנֹ֖הִי יְבַהֲלֻנֵּ֑הּ עָנֵ֨ה מַלְכָּ֜א וְאָמַ֗ר בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ חֶלְמָ֤א וּפִשְׁרֵא֙ אַֽל־יְבַהֲלָ֔ךְ עָנֵ֤ה בֵלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ וְאָמַ֔ר מָרִ֕י חֶלְמָ֥א לְשָֽׂנְאָ֖ךְ וּפִשְׁרֵ֥הּ לְעָרָֽךְ׃ [Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was appalled for a while, and his thoughts affrighted him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.124/) [The king spoke and said: 'Belteshazzar, let not the dream, or the interpretation, affright thee.' Belteshazzar answered and said: 'My lord, the dream be to them that hate thee, and the interpretation thereof to thine adversaries.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.125/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:94 # text = אֱדַ֨יִן דָּֽנִיֵּ֜אל דִּֽי־שְׁמֵ֣הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֗ר אֶשְׁתּוֹמַם֙ כְּשָׁעָ֣ה חֲדָ֔ה וְרַעְיֹנֹ֖הִי יְבַהֲלֻנֵּ֑הּ עָנֵ֨ה מַלְכָּ֜א וְאָמַ֗ר בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ חֶלְמָ֤א וּפִשְׁרֵא֙ אַֽל־יְבַהֲלָ֔ךְ עָנֵ֤ה בֵלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ וְאָמַ֔ר מָרִ֕י חֶלְמָ֥א לְשָֽׂנְאָ֖ךְ וּפִשְׁרֵ֥הּ לְעָרָֽךְ׃ # verse = DAN.4.16 1 אֱדַ֨יִן אֱדַיִן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=then|Ref=DAN_4:16!1|MId=o270040160011|Strong=0116|Lang=arc 2 דָּֽנִיֵּ֜אל דָּנִיֵּאל PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=Daniel|Ref=DAN_4:16!2|MId=o270040160021|Strong=1841|Lang=arc 3 דִּֽי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=DAN_4:16!3|MId=o270040160031|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 שְׁמֵ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 שְׁמ שֻׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=name|Ref=DAN_4:16!4|MId=o270040160041|Strong=8036|Lang=arc 5 ֵ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DAN_4:16!4|MId=o270040160042|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 6 בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֗ר בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר PROPN _ _ 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[was].Belteshazzar|Ref=DAN_4:16!5|MId=o270040160051|Strong=1096|Lang=arc 7 אֶשְׁתּוֹמַם֙ שְׁמַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=ITHPOEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.was.appalled|Ref=DAN_4:16!6|MId=o270040160061|Strong=8075|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040160021;|Type=qatal 8-9 כְּשָׁעָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=about|Ref=DAN_4:16!7|MId=o270040160071|Strong=3509d|Lang=arc 9 שָׁעָ֣ה שָׁעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=a.moment|Ref=DAN_4:16!7|MId=o270040160072|Strong=8160|Lang=arc 10 חֲדָ֔ה חַד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=DAN_4:16!8|MId=o270040160081|Strong=2298|Lang=arc|Type=cardinal_number 11-13 וְרַעְיֹנֹ֖הִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:16!9|MId=o270040160091|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 12 רַעְיֹנ רַעְיוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ Gloss=thoughts|Ref=DAN_4:16!9|MId=o270040160092|Strong=7476|Lang=arc 13 ֹ֖הִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DAN_4:16!9|MId=o270040160093|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 14-15 יְבַהֲלֻנֵּ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 יְבַהֲלֻנּ בְּהַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=DAN_4:16!10|MId=o270040160101|Strong=0927|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040160092;A1:270040160102;|Type=yiqtol 15 ֵ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=alarmed.him|Ref=DAN_4:16!10|MId=o270040160102|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 16 עָנֵ֨ה עֲנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].replying|Ref=DAN_4:16!11|MId=o270040160111|Strong=6032|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040160121;|Type=participle_active 17-18 מַלְכָּ֜א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:16!12|MId=o270040160121|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 18 ָ֜א א DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=king|Ref=DAN_4:16!12|MId=o270040160122|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 19-20 וְאָמַ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and.[was]|Ref=DAN_4:16!13|MId=o270040160131|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 20 אָמַ֗ר אֲמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 16 conj _ Gloss=saying|Ref=DAN_4:16!13|MId=o270040160132|Strong=0560|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040160121;|Type=participle_active 21 בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר PROPN _ _ 28 dislocated _ Gloss=O.Belteshazzar|Ref=DAN_4:16!14|MId=o270040160141|Strong=1096|Lang=arc 22-23 חֶלְמָ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 חֶלְמ חֵלֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:16!15|MId=o270040160151|Strong=2493|Lang=arc 23 ָ֤א א DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=dream|Ref=DAN_4:16!15|MId=o270040160152|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 24-26 וּפִשְׁרֵא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:16!16|MId=o270040160161|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 25 פִשְׁר פְּשַׁר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=its|Ref=DAN_4:16!16|MId=o270040160162|Strong=6591|Lang=arc 26 ֵא֙ א PRON _ PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=interpretation|Ref=DAN_4:16!16|MId=o270040160163|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 27 אַֽל־ אַל ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DAN_4:16!17|MId=o270040160171|Strong=0409|Lang=arc|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 יְבַהֲלָ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 יְבַהֲל בְּהַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 ccomp _ Gloss=let|Ref=DAN_4:16!18|MId=o270040160181|Strong=0927|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040160151;270040160162;A1:270040160182;|Type=yiqtol 29 ָ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ Gloss=it.alarm.you|Ref=DAN_4:16!18|MId=o270040160182|Strong=3509e|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 30 עָנֵ֤ה עֲנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 28 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].replying|Ref=DAN_4:16!19|MId=o270040160191|Strong=6032|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040160201;|Type=participle_active 31 בֵלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר PROPN _ _ 30 nsubj _ Gloss=Belteshazzar|Ref=DAN_4:16!20|MId=o270040160201|Strong=1096|Lang=arc 32-33 וְאָמַ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and.[was]|Ref=DAN_4:16!21|MId=o270040160211|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 33 אָמַ֔ר אֲמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 30 conj _ Gloss=saying|Ref=DAN_4:16!21|MId=o270040160212|Strong=0560|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040160201;|Type=participle_active 34-35 מָרִ֕י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 מָר מָרֵא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 dislocated _ Gloss=O|Ref=DAN_4:16!23|MId=o270040160231|Strong=4756|Lang=arc 35 ִ֕י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my.lord|Ref=DAN_4:16!23|MId=o270040160232|Strong=2967b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 36-37 חֶלְמָ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 חֶלְמ חֵלֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:16!24|MId=o270040160241|Strong=2493|Lang=arc 37 ָ֥א א DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=dream|Ref=DAN_4:16!24|MId=o270040160242|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 38-40 לְשָֽׂנְאָ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=[be].for|Ref=DAN_4:16!26|MId=o270040160261|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 39 שָֽׂנְא שְׂנָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur 30 ccomp _ Gloss=enemy|Ref=DAN_4:16!26|MId=o270040160262|Strong=8131|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:270040160263;|Type=participle_active 40 ָ֖ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DAN_4:16!26|MId=o270040160263|Strong=3509e|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 41-43 וּפִשְׁרֵ֥הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:16!27|MId=o270040160271|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 42 פִשְׁר פְּשַׁר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 45 nsubj _ Gloss=interpretation|Ref=DAN_4:16!27|MId=o270040160272|Strong=6591|Lang=arc 43 ֵ֥הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=DAN_4:16!27|MId=o270040160273|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 44-46 לְעָרָֽךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=[be].for|Ref=DAN_4:16!29|MId=o270040160291|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 45 עָר עָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 conj _ Gloss=adversaries|Ref=DAN_4:16!29|MId=o270040160292|Strong=6146|Lang=arc 46 ָֽךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DAN_4:16!29|MId=o270040160293|Strong=3509e|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=DAN_4:16!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶשְׁתּוֹמַם *he was appalled* | qatal · ithpoel | דָּֽנִיֵּאל *Daniel* | | | | | יְבַהֲלֻנּ *they* | yiqtol · pael | רַעְיֹנ *thoughts* | ֵהּ *alarmed him* | | | | עָנֵה *\[was\] replying* | participle active · peal | מַלְכּ *the* | | | | | אָמַר *saying* | participle active · peal | מַלְכּ *the* | | | | | **not** יְבַהֲל *let* | yiqtol · pael | חֶלְמ *the* + פִשְׁר *its* | ָךְ *it alarm you* | | | | עָנֵה *\[was\] replying* | participle active · peal | בֵלְטְשַׁאצַּר *Belteshazzar* | | | | | אָמַר *saying* | participle active · peal | בֵלְטְשַׁאצַּר *Belteshazzar* | | | | | שָֽׂנְא *enemy* | participle active · peal | | ָךְ *your* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was appalled for a while, and his thoughts affrighted him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.124/) 2. [The king spoke and said: 'Belteshazzar, let not the dream, or the interpretation, affright thee.' Belteshazzar answered and said: 'My lord, the dream be to them that hate thee, and the interpretation thereof to thine adversaries.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.125/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:94`. - ← previous: [Daniel 4:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.15/) - next →: [Daniel 4:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.17/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/)