--- title: Daniel 4:18 — whose leaves were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was fo… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: whose leaves were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was food for all; under which the beasts of the field dwelt, and upon whose branches the fowls of the heaven had their habitation; Who acts: leaves, beasts, fowls. Daniel 4:18 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/) / 4:18 # Daniel 4:18 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** leaves, beasts, fowls · **What happens:** be, dwell, have · **To what, where:** food, fruit, habitation This is Daniel 4:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — leaves, beasts, fowls — and what happens in the verse to food, fruit, habitation, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְעָפְיֵ֤הּ שַׁפִּיר֙ וְאִנְבֵּ֣הּ שַׂגִּ֔יא וּמָז֨וֹן לְכֹ֖לָּא־בֵ֑הּ תְּחֹת֗וֹהִי תְּדוּר֙ חֵיוַ֣ת בָּרָ֔א וּבְעַנְפ֕וֹהִי יִשְׁכְּנָ֖ן צִפֲּרֵ֥י שְׁמַיָּֽא׃ [whose leaves were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was food for all; under which the beasts of the field dwelt, and upon whose branches the fowls of the heaven had their habitation;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.127/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:96 # text = וְעָפְיֵ֤הּ שַׁפִּיר֙ וְאִנְבֵּ֣הּ שַׂגִּ֔יא וּמָז֨וֹן לְכֹ֖לָּא־בֵ֑הּ תְּחֹת֗וֹהִי תְּדוּר֙ חֵיוַ֣ת בָּרָ֔א וּבְעַנְפ֕וֹהִי יִשְׁכְּנָ֖ן צִפֲּרֵ֥י שְׁמַיָּֽא׃ # verse = DAN.4.18 1-3 וְעָפְיֵ֤הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:18!1|MId=o270040180011|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 2 עָפְי עֳפִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=foliage|Ref=DAN_4:18!1|MId=o270040180012|Strong=6074|Lang=arc 3 ֵ֤הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=DAN_4:18!1|MId=o270040180013|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 4 שַׁפִּיר֙ שַׁפִּיר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[was].beautiful|Ref=DAN_4:18!2|MId=o270040180021|Strong=8209|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 5-7 וְאִנְבֵּ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:18!3|MId=o270040180031|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 6 אִנְבּ אֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=fruit|Ref=DAN_4:18!3|MId=o270040180032|Strong=0004|Lang=arc 7 ֵ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=DAN_4:18!3|MId=o270040180033|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 8 שַׂגִּ֔יא שַׂגִּיא ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=[was].plentiful|Ref=DAN_4:18!4|MId=o270040180041|Strong=7690|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 9-10 וּמָז֨וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:18!5|MId=o270040180051|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 10 מָז֨וֹן מָזוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=food|Ref=DAN_4:18!5|MId=o270040180052|Strong=4203|Lang=arc 11-13 לְכֹ֖לָּא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=|Ref=DAN_4:18!6|MId=o270040180061|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 12 כֹ֖לּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=DAN_4:18!6|MId=o270040180062|Strong=3606|Lang=arc 13 ָא־ א DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=for.all|Ref=DAN_4:18!6|MId=o270040180063|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 14-15 בֵ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=[was].on|Ref=DAN_4:18!7|MId=o270040180071|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 15 ֵ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=DAN_4:18!7|MId=o270040180072|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 16-17 תְּחֹת֗וֹהִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 תְּחֹת֗וֹ תְּחוֹת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=under|Ref=DAN_4:18!8|MId=o270040180081|Strong=8460|Lang=arc 17 הִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=DAN_4:18!8|MId=o270040180082|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 18 תְּדוּר֙ דּוּר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=it.dwelt|Ref=DAN_4:18!9|MId=o270040180091|Strong=1753|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040180101;|Type=yiqtol 19 חֵיוַ֣ת חֵיוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=the.animal[s]|Ref=DAN_4:18!10|MId=o270040180101|Strong=2423|Lang=arc 20-21 בָּרָ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בָּר בַּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_4:18!11|MId=o270040180111|Strong=1251|Lang=arc 21 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the.field|Ref=DAN_4:18!11|MId=o270040180112|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 22-25 וּבְעַנְפ֕וֹהִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:18!12|MId=o270040180121|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 23 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DAN_4:18!12|MId=o270040180122|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 24 עַנְפ֕וֹ עֲנַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 obl _ Gloss=branches|Ref=DAN_4:18!12|MId=o270040180123|Strong=6056|Lang=arc 25 הִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=DAN_4:18!12|MId=o270040180124|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 26 יִשְׁכְּנָ֖ן שְׁכֵן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.dwelt|Ref=DAN_4:18!13|MId=o270040180131|Strong=7932|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040180141;|Type=yiqtol 27 צִפֲּרֵ֥י צְפַר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ Gloss=the.birds|Ref=DAN_4:18!14|MId=o270040180141|Strong=6853|Lang=arc 28-29 שְׁמַיָּֽא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 שְׁמַיּ שָׁמַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_4:18!15|MId=o270040180151|Strong=8065|Lang=arc 29 ָֽא א DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=DAN_4:18!15|MId=o270040180152|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=DAN_4:18!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תְּדוּר *it dwelt* | yiqtol · peal | חֵיוַת *the animal\[s\]* | | | | | יִשְׁכְּנָן *they dwelt* | yiqtol · peal | צִפֲּרֵי *the birds* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [whose leaves were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was food for all; under which the beasts of the field dwelt, and upon whose branches the fowls of the heaven had their habitation;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.127/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:96`. - ← previous: [Daniel 4:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.17/) - next →: [Daniel 4:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.19/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/)