--- title: Daniel 4:20 — And whereas the king saw a watcher and a holy one coming down from h… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: And whereas the king saw a watcher and a holy one coming down from heaven, and saying: Hew down the tree, and destroy it; nevertheless leave the stump of the roots thereof in the earth, even in a band of iron and brass, in the tender grass of the field; and let it be wet with the dew of heaven, and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/) / 4:20 # Daniel 4:20 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** king, holy one, heaven, portion, seven times · **What happens:** see, come down, say, hew down, destroy, leave · **To what, where:** watcher, heaven, tree, stump, earth, portion · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 4:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, holy one, heaven, portion, seven times — and what happens in the verse to watcher, heaven, tree, stump, earth, portion, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְדִ֣י חֲזָ֣ה מַלְכָּ֡א עִ֣יר וְקַדִּ֣ישׁ נָחִ֣ת ׀ מִן־שְׁמַיָּ֡א וְאָמַר֩ גֹּ֨דּוּ אִֽילָנָ֜א וְחַבְּל֗וּהִי בְּרַ֨ם עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ בְּאַרְעָ֣א שְׁבֻ֔קוּ וּבֶאֱסוּר֙ דִּֽי־פַרְזֶ֣ל וּנְחָ֔שׁ בְּדִתְאָ֖א דִּ֣י בָרָ֑א וּבְטַ֧ל שְׁמַיָּ֣א יִצְטַבַּ֗ע וְעִם־חֵיוַ֤ת בָּרָא֙ חֲלָקֵ֔הּ עַ֛ד דִּֽי־שִׁבְעָ֥ה עִדָּנִ֖ין יַחְלְפ֥וּן עֲלֽוֹהִי׃ [And whereas the king saw a watcher and a holy one coming down from heaven, and saying: Hew down the tree, and destroy it; nevertheless leave the stump of the roots thereof in the earth, even in a band of iron and brass, in the tender grass of the field; and let it be wet with the dew of heaven, and let his portion be with the beasts of the field, till seven times pass over him —](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.129/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:98 # text = וְדִ֣י חֲזָ֣ה מַלְכָּ֡א עִ֣יר וְקַדִּ֣ישׁ נָחִ֣ת ׀ מִן־שְׁמַיָּ֡א וְאָמַר֩ גֹּ֨דּוּ אִֽילָנָ֜א וְחַבְּל֗וּהִי בְּרַ֨ם עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ בְּאַרְעָ֣א שְׁבֻ֔קוּ וּבֶאֱסוּר֙ דִּֽי־פַרְזֶ֣ל וּנְחָ֔שׁ בְּדִתְאָ֖א דִּ֣י בָרָ֑א וּבְטַ֧ל שְׁמַיָּ֣א יִצְטַבַּ֗ע וְעִם־חֵיוַ֤ת בָּרָא֙ חֲלָקֵ֔הּ עַ֛ד דִּֽי־שִׁבְעָ֥ה עִדָּנִ֖ין יַחְלְפ֥וּן עֲלֽוֹהִי׃ # verse = DAN.4.20 1-2 וְדִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:20!1|MId=o270040200011|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 2 דִ֣י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=DAN_4:20!1|MId=o270040200012|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 3 חֲזָ֣ה חֲזָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=DAN_4:20!2|MId=o270040200021|Strong=2370|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040200031;A1:270040200061;270040200092;|Type=qatal 4-5 מַלְכָּ֡א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:20!3|MId=o270040200031|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 5 ָ֡א א DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=king|Ref=DAN_4:20!3|MId=o270040200032|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 6 עִ֣יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=a.watcher|Ref=DAN_4:20!4|MId=o270040200041|Strong=5894|Lang=arc 7-8 וְקַדִּ֣ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:20!5|MId=o270040200051|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 8 קַדִּ֣ישׁ קַדִּישׁ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=a.holy.[one]|Ref=DAN_4:20!5|MId=o270040200052|Strong=6922|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 9 נָחִ֣ת נְחֵת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 3 ccomp _ Gloss=coming.down|Ref=DAN_4:20!6|MId=o270040200061|Strong=5182|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040200041;|Type=participle_active 10 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ Ref=DAN_4:20!6 11 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DAN_4:20!7|MId=o270040200071|Strong=4481|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 שְׁמַיָּ֡א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 שְׁמַיּ שָׁמַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:20!8|MId=o270040200081|Strong=8065|Lang=arc 13 ָ֡א א DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=DAN_4:20!8|MId=o270040200082|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 14-15 וְאָמַר֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:20!9|MId=o270040200091|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 15 אָמַר֩ אֲמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=saying|Ref=DAN_4:20!9|MId=o270040200092|Strong=0560|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040200041;A1:270040200101;270040200122;270040200171;270040200183;270040200271;270040200291;|Type=participle_active 16 גֹּ֨דּוּ גְּדַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 15 ccomp _ Gloss=cut.down!|Ref=DAN_4:20!10|MId=o270040200101|Strong=1414|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;A1:270040200111;|Type=imperative 17-18 אִֽילָנָ֜א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אִֽילָנ אִילָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:20!11|MId=o270040200111|Strong=0363|Lang=arc 18 ָ֜א א DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=tree|Ref=DAN_4:20!11|MId=o270040200112|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 19-21 וְחַבְּל֗וּהִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:20!12|MId=o270040200121|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 20 חַבְּל֗וּ חֲבַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 16 conj _ Gloss=destroy|Ref=DAN_4:20!12|MId=o270040200122|Strong=2255|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;A1:270040200123;|Type=imperative 21 הִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=DAN_4:20!12|MId=o270040200123|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 22 בְּרַ֨ם בְּרַם CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=nevertheless|Ref=DAN_4:20!13|MId=o270040200131|Strong=1297|Lang=arc 23 עִקַּ֤ר עִקַּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obj _ Gloss=the.stump|Ref=DAN_4:20!14|MId=o270040200141|Strong=6136|Lang=arc 24-25 שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹ שֹׁרֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_4:20!15|MId=o270040200151|Strong=8330|Lang=arc 25 הִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its.roots|Ref=DAN_4:20!15|MId=o270040200152|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 26-28 בְּאַרְעָ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DAN_4:20!16|MId=o270040200161|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 27 אַרְע אֲרַע NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:20!16|MId=o270040200162|Strong=0772|Lang=arc 28 ָ֣א א DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=ground|Ref=DAN_4:20!16|MId=o270040200163|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 29 שְׁבֻ֔קוּ שְׁבַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 16 conj _ Gloss=leave!|Ref=DAN_4:20!17|MId=o270040200171|Strong=7662|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;A1:270040200141;|Type=imperative 30-32 וּבֶאֱסוּר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:20!18|MId=o270040200181|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 31 בֶ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DAN_4:20!18|MId=o270040200182|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 32 אֱסוּר֙ אֱסוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 conj _ Gloss=a.fetter|Ref=DAN_4:20!18|MId=o270040200183|Strong=0613|Lang=arc 33 דִּֽי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 34 mark _ Gloss=(diy).of|Ref=DAN_4:20!19|MId=o270040200191|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 34 פַרְזֶ֣ל פַּרְזֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 acl:relcl _ Gloss=iron|Ref=DAN_4:20!20|MId=o270040200201|Strong=6523|Lang=arc 35-36 וּנְחָ֔שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:20!21|MId=o270040200211|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 36 נְחָ֔שׁ נְחָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 conj _ Gloss=bronze|Ref=DAN_4:20!21|MId=o270040200212|Strong=5174|Lang=arc 37-39 בְּדִתְאָ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DAN_4:20!22|MId=o270040200221|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 38 דִתְא דֶּתֶא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:20!22|MId=o270040200222|Strong=1883|Lang=arc 39 ָ֖א א DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=grass|Ref=DAN_4:20!22|MId=o270040200223|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 40 דִּ֣י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 41 mark _ Gloss=(diy).of|Ref=DAN_4:20!23|MId=o270040200231|Strong=1768|Lang=arc 41-42 בָרָ֑א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 בָר בַּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:20!24|MId=o270040200241|Strong=1251|Lang=arc 42 ָ֑א א DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=field|Ref=DAN_4:20!24|MId=o270040200242|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 43-45 וּבְטַ֧ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 48 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:20!25|MId=o270040200251|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 44 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DAN_4:20!25|MId=o270040200252|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 45 טַ֧ל טַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 48 obl _ Gloss=the.dew|Ref=DAN_4:20!25|MId=o270040200253|Strong=2920|Lang=arc 46-47 שְׁמַיָּ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 שְׁמַיּ שָׁמַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 45 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_4:20!26|MId=o270040200261|Strong=8065|Lang=arc 47 ָ֣א א DET _ PronType=Art 46 det _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=DAN_4:20!26|MId=o270040200262|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 48 יִצְטַבַּ֗ע צְבַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=let.it.become.wet|Ref=DAN_4:20!27|MId=o270040200271|Strong=6647|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:270040200111;|Type=yiqtol 49-50 וְעִם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 51 cc _ Gloss=and.[be]|Ref=DAN_4:20!28|MId=o270040200281|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 50 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 51 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DAN_4:20!28|MId=o270040200282|Strong=5974|Lang=arc 51 חֵיוַ֤ת חֵיוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 48 conj _ Gloss=the.animal[s]|Ref=DAN_4:20!29|MId=o270040200291|Strong=2423|Lang=arc 52-53 בָּרָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 בָּר בַּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 51 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_4:20!30|MId=o270040200301|Strong=1251|Lang=arc 53 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 52 det _ Gloss=the.field|Ref=DAN_4:20!30|MId=o270040200302|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 54-55 חֲלָקֵ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 חֲלָק חֲלָק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 51 nsubj _ Gloss=portion|Ref=DAN_4:20!31|MId=o270040200311|Strong=2508|Lang=arc 55 ֵ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 54 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=DAN_4:20!31|MId=o270040200312|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 56 עַ֛ד עַד ADP _ _ 16 parataxis _ Gloss=until|Ref=DAN_4:20!32|MId=o270040200321|Strong=5705|Lang=arc 57 דִּֽי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 60 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=DAN_4:20!33|MId=o270040200331|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 58 שִׁבְעָ֥ה שְׁבַע NUM _ Number=Sing 59 nummod _ Gloss=seven|Ref=DAN_4:20!34|MId=o270040200341|Strong=7655|Lang=arc|Type=cardinal_number 59 עִדָּנִ֖ין עִדָּן NOUN _ Number=Sing 60 nsubj _ Gloss=times|Ref=DAN_4:20!35|MId=o270040200351|Strong=5732|Lang=arc|Type=cardinal_number 60 יַחְלְפ֥וּן חֲלַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 56 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.pass|Ref=DAN_4:20!36|MId=o270040200361|Strong=2499|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040200351;|Type=yiqtol 61-62 עֲלֽוֹהִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 עֲלֽוֹ עַל ADP _ _ 62 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=DAN_4:20!37|MId=o270040200371|Strong=5922|Lang=arc 62 הִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 60 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=DAN_4:20!37|MId=o270040200372|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 63 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 62 punct _ Ref=DAN_4:20!37 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | חֲזָה *he saw* | qatal · peal | מַלְכּ *the* | נָחִת *coming down* + אָמַר *saying* | | | | נָחִת *coming down* | participle active · peal | עִיר *a watcher* | | | | | אָמַר *saying* | participle active · peal | עִיר *a watcher* | גֹּדּוּ *cut down!* + חַבְּלוּ *destroy* + שְׁבֻקוּ *leave!* + אֱסוּר *a fetter* + יִצְטַבַּע *let it become wet* + חֵיוַת *the animal\[s\]* | | | | גֹּדּוּ *cut down!* | imperative · peal | | אִֽילָנ *the* | | | | חַבְּלוּ *destroy* | imperative · pael | | הִי *it* | | | | שְׁבֻקוּ *leave!* | imperative · peal | | עִקַּר *the stump* | | | | יִצְטַבַּע *let it become wet* | yiqtol · hithpaal | | אִֽילָנ *the* | | | | יַחְלְפוּן *they will pass* | yiqtol · peal | עִדָּנִין *times* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And whereas the king saw a watcher and a holy one coming down from heaven, and saying: Hew down the tree, and destroy it; nevertheless leave the stump of the roots thereof in the earth, even in a band of iron and brass, in the tender grass of the field; and let it be wet with the dew of heaven, and let his portion be with the beasts of the field, till seven times pass over him —](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.129/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:98`. - ← previous: [Daniel 4:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.19/) - next →: [Daniel 4:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.21/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/)