--- title: Daniel 4:23 — And whereas it was commanded to leave the stump of the roots of the… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: And whereas it was commanded to leave the stump of the roots of the tree, thy kingdom shall be sure unto thee, after that thou shalt have known that the heavens do rule. Who acts: kingdom, thou, heavens. Daniel 4:23 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/) / 4:23 # Daniel 4:23 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** kingdom, thou, heavens · **What happens:** command, leave, be, know, rule · **To what, where:** dwelling, stump · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 4:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — kingdom, thou, heavens — and what happens in the verse to dwelling, stump, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְדִ֣י אֲמַ֗רוּ לְמִשְׁבַּ֞ק עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ דִּ֣י אִֽילָנָ֔א מַלְכוּתָ֖ךְ לָ֣ךְ קַיָּמָ֑ה מִן־דִּ֣י תִנְדַּ֔ע דִּ֥י שַׁלִּטִ֖ן שְׁמַיָּֽא׃ [And whereas it was commanded to leave the stump of the roots of the tree, thy kingdom shall be sure unto thee, after that thou shalt have known that the heavens do rule.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.132/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:101 # text = וְדִ֣י אֲמַ֗רוּ לְמִשְׁבַּ֞ק עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ דִּ֣י אִֽילָנָ֔א מַלְכוּתָ֖ךְ לָ֣ךְ קַיָּמָ֑ה מִן־דִּ֣י תִנְדַּ֔ע דִּ֥י שַׁלִּטִ֖ן שְׁמַיָּֽא׃ # verse = DAN.4.23 1-2 וְדִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:23!1|MId=o270040230011|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 2 דִ֣י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=DAN_4:23!1|MId=o270040230012|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 3 אֲמַ֗רוּ אֲמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 17 parataxis _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=DAN_4:23!2|MId=o270040230021|Strong=0560|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;|Type=qatal 4-5 לְמִשְׁבַּ֞ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_4:23!3|MId=o270040230031|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 5 מִשְׁבַּ֞ק שְׁבַק VERB _ HebBinyan=PEAL 3 advcl _ Gloss=leave|Ref=DAN_4:23!3|MId=o270040230032|Strong=7662|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;A1:270040230041;|Type=infinitive_construct 6 עִקַּ֤ר עִקַּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=the.stump|Ref=DAN_4:23!4|MId=o270040230041|Strong=6136|Lang=arc 7-8 שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹ שֹׁרֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_4:23!5|MId=o270040230051|Strong=8330|Lang=arc 8 הִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its.roots|Ref=DAN_4:23!5|MId=o270040230052|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 9 דִּ֣י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=(diy).of|Ref=DAN_4:23!6|MId=o270040230061|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 10-11 אִֽילָנָ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 אִֽילָנ אִילָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:23!7|MId=o270040230071|Strong=0363|Lang=arc 11 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=tree|Ref=DAN_4:23!7|MId=o270040230072|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 12-13 מַלְכוּתָ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מַלְכוּת מַלְכוּ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=kingdom|Ref=DAN_4:23!8|MId=o270040230081|Strong=4437|Lang=arc 13 ָ֖ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DAN_4:23!8|MId=o270040230082|Strong=3509e|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 14-15 לָ֣ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ל לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_4:23!9|MId=o270040230091|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 15 ָ֣ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DAN_4:23!9|MId=o270040230092|Strong=3509e|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 16 קַיָּמָ֑ה קַיָּם ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 ccomp _ Gloss=[will.be].enduring|Ref=DAN_4:23!10|MId=o270040230101|Strong=7011|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 17 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=from|Ref=DAN_4:23!11|MId=o270040230111|Strong=4481|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 18 דִּ֣י דִּי SCONJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=DAN_4:23!12|MId=o270040230121|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 19 תִנְדַּ֔ע יְדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 17 parataxis _ Gloss=you.will.know|Ref=DAN_4:23!13|MId=o270040230131|Strong=3046|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040210031;A1:270040230151;|Type=yiqtol 20 דִּ֥י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=(diy).that|Ref=DAN_4:23!14|MId=o270040230141|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 21 שַׁלִּטִ֖ן שַׁלִּיט ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[are].having.mastery|Ref=DAN_4:23!15|MId=o270040230151|Strong=7990|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 22-23 שְׁמַיָּֽא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 שְׁמַיּ שָׁמַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:23!16|MId=o270040230161|Strong=8065|Lang=arc 23 ָֽא א DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=DAN_4:23!16|MId=o270040230162|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=DAN_4:23!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֲמַרוּ *they said* | qatal · peal | | | | | | מִשְׁבַּק *leave* | infinitive construct · peal | | עִקַּר *the stump* | | | | תִנְדַּע *you will know* | yiqtol · peal | | שַׁלִּטִן *\[are\] having mastery* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And whereas it was commanded to leave the stump of the roots of the tree, thy kingdom shall be sure unto thee, after that thou shalt have known that the heavens do rule.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.132/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:101`. - ← previous: [Daniel 4:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.22/) - next →: [Daniel 4:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.24/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/)