--- title: Daniel 4:31 — 'And at the end of the days I Nebuchadnezzar lifted up mine eyes unt… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: 'And at the end of the days I Nebuchadnezzar lifted up mine eyes unto heaven, and mine understanding returned unto me, and I blessed the Most High, and I praised and honoured Him that liveth for ever; for His dominion is an everlasting dominion, and His kingdom from generation to generation; Who act --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/) / 4:31 # Daniel 4:31 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** I, understanding, dominion, mine · **What happens:** lift up, return, bless, praise, honour, live · **To what, where:** eyes, end, Most High, understanding, everlasting dominion This is Daniel 4:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, understanding, dominion, mine — and what happens in the verse to eyes, end, Most High, understanding, everlasting dominion, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלִקְצָ֣ת יֽוֹמַיָּה֩ אֲנָ֨ה נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֜ר עַיְנַ֣י ׀ לִשְׁמַיָּ֣א נִטְלֵ֗ת וּמַנְדְּעִי֙ עֲלַ֣י יְת֔וּב וּלְעִלָּאָה֙ בָּרְכֵ֔ת וּלְחַ֥י עָלְמָ֖א שַׁבְּחֵ֣ת וְהַדְּרֵ֑ת דִּ֤י שָׁלְטָנֵהּ֙ שָׁלְטָ֣ן עָלַ֔ם וּמַלְכוּתֵ֖הּ עִם־דָּ֥ר וְדָֽר׃ ['And at the end of the days I Nebuchadnezzar lifted up mine eyes unto heaven, and mine understanding returned unto me, and I blessed the Most High, and I praised and honoured Him that liveth for ever; for His dominion is an everlasting dominion, and His kingdom from generation to generation;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.140/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:109 # text = וְלִקְצָ֣ת יֽוֹמַיָּה֩ אֲנָ֨ה נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֜ר עַיְנַ֣י ׀ לִשְׁמַיָּ֣א נִטְלֵ֗ת וּמַנְדְּעִי֙ עֲלַ֣י יְת֔וּב וּלְעִלָּאָה֙ בָּרְכֵ֔ת וּלְחַ֥י עָלְמָ֖א שַׁבְּחֵ֣ת וְהַדְּרֵ֑ת דִּ֤י שָׁלְטָנֵהּ֙ שָׁלְטָ֣ן עָלַ֔ם וּמַלְכוּתֵ֖הּ עִם־דָּ֥ר וְדָֽר׃ # verse = DAN.4.31 1-3 וְלִקְצָ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:31!1|MId=o270040310011|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 2 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_4:31!1|MId=o270040310012|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 3 קְצָ֣ת קְצָת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=the.end|Ref=DAN_4:31!1|MId=o270040310013|Strong=7118|Lang=arc 4-5 יֽוֹמַיָּה֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 יֽוֹמַיּ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_4:31!2|MId=o270040310021|Strong=3118|Lang=arc 5 ָה֩ ה DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=DAN_4:31!2|MId=o270040310022|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 6 אֲנָ֨ה אֲנָה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=DAN_4:31!3|MId=o270040310031|Strong=0576|Lang=arc|Type=personal 7 נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֜ר נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר PROPN _ _ 6 appos _ Gloss=Nebuchadnezzar|Ref=DAN_4:31!4|MId=o270040310041|Strong=5020|Lang=arc 8-9 עַיְנַ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 עַיְנ עַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=DAN_4:31!5|MId=o270040310051|Strong=5870|Lang=arc 9 ַ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=DAN_4:31!5|MId=o270040310052|Strong=2967b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 10 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ Ref=DAN_4:31!5 11-13 לִשְׁמַיָּ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_4:31!6|MId=o270040310061|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 12 שְׁמַיּ שָׁמַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:31!6|MId=o270040310062|Strong=8065|Lang=arc 13 ָ֣א א DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=DAN_4:31!6|MId=o270040310063|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 14 נִטְלֵ֗ת נְטַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.lifted|Ref=DAN_4:31!7|MId=o270040310071|Strong=5191|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040310031;A1:270040310051;|Type=qatal 15-17 וּמַנְדְּעִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:31!8|MId=o270040310081|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 16 מַנְדְּע מַנְדַּע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=understanding|Ref=DAN_4:31!8|MId=o270040310082|Strong=4486|Lang=arc 17 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=DAN_4:31!8|MId=o270040310083|Strong=2967b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 18-19 עֲלַ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עֲל עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DAN_4:31!9|MId=o270040310091|Strong=5922|Lang=arc 19 ַ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=DAN_4:31!9|MId=o270040310092|Strong=2967b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 20 יְת֔וּב תּוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 conj _ Gloss=it.returned|Ref=DAN_4:31!10|MId=o270040310101|Strong=8421|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040310082;|Type=yiqtol 21-24 וּלְעִלָּאָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and.(et)|Ref=DAN_4:31!12|MId=o270040310121|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_4:31!12|MId=o270040310122|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc|Type=direct_object_marker 23 עִלָּא עִלַּי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=Most|Ref=DAN_4:31!12|MId=o270040310123|Strong=5943|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 24 ָה֙ ה DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=High|Ref=DAN_4:31!12|MId=o270040310124|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 25 בָּרְכֵ֔ת בְּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PAEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 14 conj _ Gloss=I.blessed|Ref=DAN_4:31!13|MId=o270040310131|Strong=1289a|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040310041;|Type=qatal 26-28 וּלְחַ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and.(et)|Ref=DAN_4:31!14|MId=o270040310141|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 27 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=the.[one]|Ref=DAN_4:31!14|MId=o270040310142|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc|Type=direct_object_marker 28 חַ֥י חַי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=living|Ref=DAN_4:31!14|MId=o270040310143|Strong=2417|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 29-30 עָלְמָ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 עָלְמ עָלַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=DAN_4:31!15|MId=o270040310151|Strong=5957|Lang=arc 30 ָ֖א א DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=perpetuity|Ref=DAN_4:31!15|MId=o270040310152|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 31 שַׁבְּחֵ֣ת שְׁבַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PAEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 14 conj _ Gloss=I.praised|Ref=DAN_4:31!16|MId=o270040310161|Strong=7624|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040310041;|Type=qatal 32-33 וְהַדְּרֵ֑ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:31!17|MId=o270040310171|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 33 הַדְּרֵ֑ת הֲדַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PAEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 31 conj _ Gloss=I.glorified|Ref=DAN_4:31!17|MId=o270040310172|Strong=1922|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040310041;|Type=qatal 34 דִּ֤י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 37 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=DAN_4:31!18|MId=o270040310181|Strong=1768|Lang=arc 35-36 שָׁלְטָנֵהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 שָׁלְטָנ שׇׁלְטָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ Gloss=dominion|Ref=DAN_4:31!19|MId=o270040310191|Strong=7985|Lang=arc 36 ֵהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DAN_4:31!19|MId=o270040310192|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 37 שָׁלְטָ֣ן שׇׁלְטָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].a.dominion|Ref=DAN_4:31!20|MId=o270040310201|Strong=7985|Lang=arc 38 עָלַ֔ם עָלַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.perpetuity|Ref=DAN_4:31!21|MId=o270040310211|Strong=5957|Lang=arc 39-41 וּמַלְכוּתֵ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:31!22|MId=o270040310221|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 40 מַלְכוּת מַלְכוּ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ Gloss=kingdom|Ref=DAN_4:31!22|MId=o270040310222|Strong=4437|Lang=arc 41 ֵ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DAN_4:31!22|MId=o270040310223|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 42 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=[is].with|Ref=DAN_4:31!23|MId=o270040310231|Strong=5974|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 43 דָּ֥ר דָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 conj _ Gloss=generation|Ref=DAN_4:31!24|MId=o270040310241|Strong=1859|Lang=arc 44-45 וְדָֽר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:31!25|MId=o270040310251|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 45 דָֽר דָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 conj _ Gloss=generation|Ref=DAN_4:31!25|MId=o270040310252|Strong=1859|Lang=arc 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=DAN_4:31!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִטְלֵת *I lifted* | qatal · peal | אֲנָה *I* | עַיְנ *eyes* | | | | יְתוּב *it returned* | yiqtol · peal | מַנְדְּע *understanding* | | | | | בָּרְכֵת *I blessed* | qatal · pael | נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר *Nebuchadnezzar* | | | | | שַׁבְּחֵת *I praised* | qatal · pael | נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר *Nebuchadnezzar* | | | | | הַדְּרֵת *I glorified* | qatal · pael | נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר *Nebuchadnezzar* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['And at the end of the days I Nebuchadnezzar lifted up mine eyes unto heaven, and mine understanding returned unto me, and I blessed the Most High, and I praised and honoured Him that liveth for ever; for His dominion is an everlasting dominion, and His kingdom from generation to generation;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.140/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:109`. - ← previous: [Daniel 4:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.30/) - next →: [Daniel 4:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.32/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/)