--- title: Daniel 4:32 — And all the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing; and He… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: And all the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing; and He doeth according to His will in the host of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth; and none can stay His hand, or say unto Him: What doest Thou? Who acts: understanding, none, Thou. Daniel 4:32 in Biblical Aramaic with its d --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.32/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/) / 4:32 # Daniel 4:32 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** understanding, none, Thou · **What happens:** repute, do, stay, say, will · **To what, where:** inhabitants, host, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 4:32 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — understanding, none, Thou — and what happens in the verse to inhabitants, host, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכָל־דָּיְרֵ֤י אַרְעָא֙ כְּלָ֣ה חֲשִׁיבִ֔ין וּֽכְמִצְבְּיֵ֗הּ עָבֵד֙ בְּחֵ֣יל שְׁמַיָּ֔א וְדָיְרֵ֖י אַרְעָ֑א וְלָ֤א אִיתַי֙ דִּֽי־יְמַחֵ֣א בִידֵ֔הּ וְיֵ֥אמַר לֵ֖הּ מָ֥ה עֲבַֽדְתְּ׃ [And all the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing; and He doeth according to His will in the host of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth; and none can stay His hand, or say unto Him: What doest Thou?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.141/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:110 # text = וְכָל־דָּיְרֵ֤י אַרְעָא֙ כְּלָ֣ה חֲשִׁיבִ֔ין וּֽכְמִצְבְּיֵ֗הּ עָבֵד֙ בְּחֵ֣יל שְׁמַיָּ֔א וְדָיְרֵ֖י אַרְעָ֑א וְלָ֤א אִיתַי֙ דִּֽי־יְמַחֵ֣א בִידֵ֔הּ וְיֵ֥אמַר לֵ֖הּ מָ֥ה עֲבַֽדְתְּ׃ # verse = DAN.4.32 1-2 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:32!1|MId=o270040320011|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 2 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=DAN_4:32!1|MId=o270040320012|Strong=3606|Lang=arc 3 דָּיְרֵ֤י דּוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.inhabitants|Ref=DAN_4:32!3|MId=o270040320031|Strong=1753|Lang=arc|Type=participle_active 4-5 אַרְעָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אַרְע אֲרַע NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_4:32!4|MId=o270040320041|Strong=0772|Lang=arc 5 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the.earth|Ref=DAN_4:32!4|MId=o270040320042|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 6-7 כְּלָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=[are].as|Ref=DAN_4:32!5|MId=o270040320051|Strong=3509d|Lang=arc 7 לָ֣ה לָא ADV _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=not|Ref=DAN_4:32!5|MId=o270040320052|Strong=3809|Lang=arc|Type=negative 8 חֲשִׁיבִ֔ין חֲשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEIL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=considered|Ref=DAN_4:32!6|MId=o270040320061|Strong=2804|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:270040320031;|Type=participle_passive 9-12 וּֽכְמִצְבְּיֵ֗הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:32!7|MId=o270040320071|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 10 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=DAN_4:32!7|MId=o270040320072|Strong=3509d|Lang=arc 11 מִצְבְּי צבה VERB _ HebBinyan=PEAL 13 advcl _ Gloss=pleases|Ref=DAN_4:32!7|MId=o270040320073|Strong=6634|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040320074;|Type=infinitive_construct 12 ֵ֗הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=DAN_4:32!7|MId=o270040320074|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 13 עָבֵד֙ עֲבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=[he.is].doing|Ref=DAN_4:32!8|MId=o270040320081|Strong=5648|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040310143;|Type=participle_active 14-15 בְּחֵ֣יל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DAN_4:32!9|MId=o270040320091|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 15 חֵ֣יל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=the.army|Ref=DAN_4:32!9|MId=o270040320092|Strong=2429|Lang=arc 16-17 שְׁמַיָּ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 שְׁמַיּ שָׁמַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_4:32!10|MId=o270040320101|Strong=8065|Lang=arc 17 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=DAN_4:32!10|MId=o270040320102|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 18-19 וְדָיְרֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:32!12|MId=o270040320121|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 19 דָיְרֵ֖י דּוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur 15 conj _ Gloss=the.inhabitants|Ref=DAN_4:32!12|MId=o270040320122|Strong=1753|Lang=arc|Type=participle_active 20-21 אַרְעָ֑א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 אַרְע אֲרַע NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_4:32!13|MId=o270040320131|Strong=0772|Lang=arc 21 ָ֑א א DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the.earth|Ref=DAN_4:32!13|MId=o270040320132|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 22-23 וְלָ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:32!14|MId=o270040320141|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 23 לָ֤א לָא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DAN_4:32!14|MId=o270040320142|Strong=3809|Lang=arc|Type=negative 24 אִיתַי֙ אִיתַי NOUN _ _ 8 conj _ Gloss=there|Ref=DAN_4:32!15|MId=o270040320151|Strong=0383|Lang=arc|Type=affirmation 25 דִּֽי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=[is].who|Ref=DAN_4:32!16|MId=o270040320161|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 26 יְמַחֵ֣א מְחָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.will.strike|Ref=DAN_4:32!17|MId=o270040320171|Strong=4223|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;|Type=yiqtol 27-29 בִידֵ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DAN_4:32!18|MId=o270040320181|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 28 יד יַד NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=DAN_4:32!18|MId=o270040320182|Strong=3028|Lang=arc 29 ֵ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DAN_4:32!18|MId=o270040320183|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 30-31 וְיֵ֥אמַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_4:32!19|MId=o270040320191|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 31 יֵ֥אמַר אֲמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 26 conj _ Gloss=he.will.say|Ref=DAN_4:32!19|MId=o270040320192|Strong=0560|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;A1:270040320221;|Type=yiqtol 32-33 לֵ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 ל לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_4:32!20|MId=o270040320201|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 33 ֵ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=DAN_4:32!20|MId=o270040320202|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 34 מָ֥ה מָה PRON _ Number=Sing|PronType=Int 35 obj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=DAN_4:32!21|MId=o270040320211|Strong=4101|Lang=arc|Type=interrogative 35 עֲבַֽדְתְּ עֲבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 31 ccomp _ Gloss=have.you.done|Ref=DAN_4:32!22|MId=o270040320221|Strong=5648|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270040310143;A1:270040320211;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=DAN_4:32!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | חֲשִׁיבִין *considered* | participle passive · peil | | דָּיְרֵי *the inhabitants* | | | | מִצְבְּי *pleases* | infinitive construct · peal | ֵהּ *he* | | | | | עָבֵד *\[he is\] doing* | participle active · peal | | | | | | יְמַחֵא *he will strike* | yiqtol · pael | | | | | | יֵאמַר *he will say* | yiqtol · peal | | עֲבַֽדְתְּ *have you done* | | | | עֲבַֽדְתְּ *have you done* | qatal · peal | | מָה *what?* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And all the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing; and He doeth according to His will in the host of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth; and none can stay His hand, or say unto Him: What doest Thou?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.141/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:110`. - ← previous: [Daniel 4:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.31/) - next →: [Daniel 4:33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.33/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/)