--- title: Daniel 5:19 — and because of the greatness that He gave him, all the peoples, nati… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: and because of the greatness that He gave him, all the peoples, nations, and languages trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew, and whom he would he kept alive; and whom he would he raised up, and whom he would he put down. Who acts: God, peoples. Daniel 5:19 in Biblical Aramaic with i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.5.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/5/) / 5:19 # Daniel 5:19 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** God, peoples · **What happens:** give, tremble, fear, slay, keep, raise up · **To what, where:** greatness, Nebuchadnezzar This is Daniel 5:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — God, peoples — and what happens in the verse to greatness, Nebuchadnezzar, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמִן־רְבוּתָא֙ דִּ֣י יְהַב־לֵ֔הּ כֹּ֣ל עַֽמְמַיָּ֗א אֻמַיָּא֙ וְלִשָּׁ֣נַיָּ֔א הֲו֛וֹ זָיְעִ֥ין וְדָחֲלִ֖ין מִן־קֳדָמ֑וֹהִי דִּֽי־הֲוָ֨ה צָבֵ֜א הֲוָ֣א קָטֵ֗ל וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֤ה צָבֵא֙ הֲוָ֣ה מַחֵ֔א וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֤ה צָבֵא֙ הֲוָ֣ה מָרִ֔ים וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֥ה צָבֵ֖א הֲוָ֥ה מַשְׁפִּֽיל׃ [and because of the greatness that He gave him, all the peoples, nations, and languages trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew, and whom he would he kept alive; and whom he would he raised up, and whom he would he put down.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.165/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:131 # text = וּמִן־רְבוּתָא֙ דִּ֣י יְהַב־לֵ֔הּ כֹּ֣ל עַֽמְמַיָּ֗א אֻמַיָּא֙ וְלִשָּׁ֣נַיָּ֔א הֲו֛וֹ זָיְעִ֥ין וְדָחֲלִ֖ין מִן־קֳדָמ֑וֹהִי דִּֽי־הֲוָ֨ה צָבֵ֜א הֲוָ֣א קָטֵ֗ל וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֤ה צָבֵא֙ הֲוָ֣ה מַחֵ֔א וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֤ה צָבֵא֙ הֲוָ֣ה מָרִ֔ים וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֥ה צָבֵ֖א הֲוָ֥ה מַשְׁפִּֽיל׃ # verse = DAN.5.19 1-2 וּמִן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_5:19!1|MId=o270050190011|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 2 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DAN_5:19!1|MId=o270050190012|Strong=4481|Lang=arc 3-4 רְבוּתָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 רְבוּת רְבוּ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_5:19!2|MId=o270050190021|Strong=7238|Lang=arc 4 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=greatness|Ref=DAN_5:19!2|MId=o270050190022|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 5 דִּ֣י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DAN_5:19!3|MId=o270050190031|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 6 יְהַב־ יְהַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.gave|Ref=DAN_5:19!4|MId=o270050190041|Strong=3052|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050180041;A1:270050190021;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 לֵ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ל לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_5:19!5|MId=o270050190051|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 8 ֵ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=DAN_5:19!5|MId=o270050190052|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 9 כֹּ֣ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=DAN_5:19!6|MId=o270050190061|Strong=3606|Lang=arc 10-11 עַֽמְמַיָּ֗א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 עַֽמְמַיּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_5:19!7|MId=o270050190071|Strong=5972|Lang=arc 11 ָ֗א א DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=peoples|Ref=DAN_5:19!7|MId=o270050190072|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 12-13 אֻמַיָּא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֻמַיּ אֻמָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 conj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_5:19!8|MId=o270050190081|Strong=0524|Lang=arc 13 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=nations|Ref=DAN_5:19!8|MId=o270050190082|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 14-16 וְלִשָּׁ֣נַיָּ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_5:19!9|MId=o270050190091|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 15 לִשָּׁ֣נַיּ לִשָּׁן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 conj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_5:19!9|MId=o270050190092|Strong=3961|Lang=arc 16 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=languages|Ref=DAN_5:19!9|MId=o270050190093|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 17 הֲו֛וֹ הוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.were|Ref=DAN_5:19!10|MId=o270050190101|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=qatal 18 זָיְעִ֥ין זוּעַ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=trembling|Ref=DAN_5:19!12|MId=o270050190121|Strong=2112|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050190071;270050190081;270050190092;|Type=participle_active 19-20 וְדָחֲלִ֖ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_5:19!13|MId=o270050190131|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 20 דָחֲלִ֖ין דְּחַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur 18 conj _ Gloss=fearing|Ref=DAN_5:19!13|MId=o270050190132|Strong=1763|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050190071;270050190081;270050190092;|Type=participle_active 21 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DAN_5:19!14|MId=o270050190141|Strong=4481|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 קֳדָמ֑וֹהִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 קֳדָמ֑וֹ קֳדָם ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=DAN_5:19!15|MId=o270050190151|Strong=6925|Lang=arc 23 הִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=DAN_5:19!15|MId=o270050190152|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 24 דִּֽי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=DAN_5:19!16|MId=o270050190161|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 25 הֲוָ֨ה הוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 27 obj _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=DAN_5:19!17|MId=o270050190171|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=qatal 26 צָבֵ֜א צבה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 25 dep _ Gloss=pleased|Ref=DAN_5:19!18|MId=o270050190181|Strong=6634|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050180122;|Type=participle_active 27 הֲוָ֣א הוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 parataxis _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=DAN_5:19!19|MId=o270050190191|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=qatal 28 קָטֵ֗ל קְטַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 27 dep _ Gloss=killing|Ref=DAN_5:19!20|MId=o270050190201|Strong=6992|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050180122;A1:270050190181;|Type=participle_active 29-30 וְדִֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_5:19!21|MId=o270050190211|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 30 דִֽי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=DAN_5:19!21|MId=o270050190212|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 31 הֲוָ֤ה הוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 33 obj _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=DAN_5:19!22|MId=o270050190221|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=qatal 32 צָבֵא֙ צבה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 31 dep _ Gloss=pleased|Ref=DAN_5:19!23|MId=o270050190231|Strong=6634|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050180122;|Type=participle_active 33 הֲוָ֣ה הוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=DAN_5:19!24|MId=o270050190241|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=qatal 34 מַחֵ֔א חיה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 33 dep _ Gloss=letting.live|Ref=DAN_5:19!25|MId=o270050190251|Strong=2418|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050180122;A1:270050190231;|Type=participle_active 35-36 וְדִֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_5:19!26|MId=o270050190261|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 36 דִֽי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 37 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=DAN_5:19!26|MId=o270050190262|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 37 הֲוָ֤ה הוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 39 obj _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=DAN_5:19!27|MId=o270050190271|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=qatal 38 צָבֵא֙ צבה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 37 dep _ Gloss=pleased|Ref=DAN_5:19!28|MId=o270050190281|Strong=6634|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050180122;|Type=participle_active 39 הֲוָ֣ה הוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=DAN_5:19!29|MId=o270050190291|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=qatal 40 מָרִ֔ים רוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=APHEL|Number=Sing 39 dep _ Gloss=lifting.up|Ref=DAN_5:19!30|MId=o270050190301|Strong=7313|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050180122;A1:270050190281;|Type=participle_active 41-42 וְדִֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_5:19!31|MId=o270050190311|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 42 דִֽי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 43 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=DAN_5:19!31|MId=o270050190312|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 43 הֲוָ֥ה הוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 45 obj _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=DAN_5:19!32|MId=o270050190321|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=qatal 44 צָבֵ֖א צבה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 43 dep _ Gloss=pleased|Ref=DAN_5:19!33|MId=o270050190331|Strong=6634|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050180122;|Type=participle_active 45 הֲוָ֥ה הוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=DAN_5:19!34|MId=o270050190341|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=qatal 46 מַשְׁפִּֽיל שְׁפֵל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=APHEL|Number=Sing 45 dep _ Gloss=bringing.low|Ref=DAN_5:19!35|MId=o270050190351|Strong=8214|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050180122;A1:270050190331;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=DAN_5:19!35 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְהַב־ *he gave* | qatal · peal | | רְבוּת *the* | | | | זָיְעִין *trembling* | participle active · peal | עַֽמְמַיּ *the* + אֻמַיּ *the* + לִשָּׁנַיּ *the* | | | | | דָחֲלִין *fearing* | participle active · peal | עַֽמְמַיּ *the* + אֻמַיּ *the* + לִשָּׁנַיּ *the* | | | | | צָבֵא *pleased* | participle active · peal | | | | | | קָטֵל *killing* | participle active · peal | | צָבֵא *pleased* | | | | צָבֵא *pleased* | participle active · peal | | | | | | מַחֵא *letting live* | participle active · peal | | צָבֵא *pleased* | | | | צָבֵא *pleased* | participle active · peal | | | | | | מָרִים *lifting up* | participle active · aphel | | צָבֵא *pleased* | | | | צָבֵא *pleased* | participle active · peal | | | | | | מַשְׁפִּֽיל *bringing low* | participle active · aphel | | צָבֵא *pleased* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and because of the greatness that He gave him, all the peoples, nations, and languages trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew, and whom he would he kept alive; and whom he would he raised up, and whom he would he put down.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.165/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:131`. - ← previous: [Daniel 5:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.5.18/) - next →: [Daniel 5:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.5.20/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/5/)