--- title: Daniel 5:21 — and he was driven from the sons of men, and his heart was made like… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: and he was driven from the sons of men, and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses; he was fed with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; until he knew that God Most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and that He setteth up over it whomso --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.5.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/5/) / 5:21 # Daniel 5:21 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** dwelling, body, God · **What happens:** drive, make, be, feed, know, rule · **To what, where:** God, heart, kingdom, whomsoever · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 5:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — dwelling, body, God — and what happens in the verse to God, heart, kingdom, whomsoever, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמִן־בְּנֵי֩ אֲנָשָׁ֨א טְרִ֜יד וְלִבְבֵ֣הּ ׀ עִם־חֵיוְתָ֣א שַׁוִּ֗יְווְעִם־עֲרָֽדַיָּא֙ מְדוֹרֵ֔הּ עִשְׂבָּ֤א כְתוֹרִין֙ יְטַ֣עֲמוּנֵּ֔הּ וּמִטַּ֥ל שְׁמַיָּ֖א גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ יִצְטַבַּ֑ע עַ֣ד דִּֽי־יְדַ֗ע דִּֽי־שַׁלִּ֞יט אֱלָהָ֤א עִלָּאָה֙ בְּמַלְכ֣וּת אֲנָשָׁ֔א וּלְמַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖ה יְהָקֵ֥ים עֲלַֽהּ׃ [and he was driven from the sons of men, and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses; he was fed with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; until he knew that God Most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and that He setteth up over it whomsoever He will.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.167/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:133 # text = וּמִן־בְּנֵי֩ אֲנָשָׁ֨א טְרִ֜יד וְלִבְבֵ֣הּ ׀ עִם־חֵיוְתָ֣א שַׁוִּ֗יְווְעִם־עֲרָֽדַיָּא֙ מְדוֹרֵ֔הּ עִשְׂבָּ֤א כְתוֹרִין֙ יְטַ֣עֲמוּנֵּ֔הּ וּמִטַּ֥ל שְׁמַיָּ֖א גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ יִצְטַבַּ֑ע עַ֣ד דִּֽי־יְדַ֗ע דִּֽי־שַׁלִּ֞יט אֱלָהָ֤א עִלָּאָה֙ בְּמַלְכ֣וּת אֲנָשָׁ֔א וּלְמַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖ה יְהָקֵ֥ים עֲלַֽהּ׃ # verse = DAN.5.21 1-2 וּמִן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_5:21!1|MId=o270050210011|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 2 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=away.from|Ref=DAN_5:21!1|MId=o270050210012|Strong=4481|Lang=arc 3 בְּנֵי֩ בַּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=the.sons|Ref=DAN_5:21!2|MId=o270050210021|Strong=1123|Lang=arc 4-5 אֲנָשָׁ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֲנָשׁ אֱנָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=DAN_5:21!3|MId=o270050210031|Strong=0606|Lang=arc 5 ָ֨א א DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=humankind|Ref=DAN_5:21!3|MId=o270050210032|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 6 טְרִ֜יד טְרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.was.chased|Ref=DAN_5:21!4|MId=o270050210041|Strong=2957|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:270050180122;|Type=qatal 7-9 וְלִבְבֵ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_5:21!5|MId=o270050210051|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 8 לִבְב לְבַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=DAN_5:21!5|MId=o270050210052|Strong=3825|Lang=arc 9 ֵ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DAN_5:21!5|MId=o270050210053|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 10 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ Ref=DAN_5:21!5 11 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DAN_5:21!6|MId=o270050210061|Strong=5974|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 חֵיוְתָ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 חֵיוְת חֵיוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_5:21!7|MId=o270050210071|Strong=2423|Lang=arc 13 ָ֣א א DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=animal[s]|Ref=DAN_5:21!7|MId=o270050210072|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 14-16 שַׁוִּ֗יְווְעִם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 שַׁוִּ֗יְו שְׁוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.made|Ref=DAN_5:21!9|MId=o270050210091|Strong=7739|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050210052;|Type=qatal 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and.[was]|Ref=DAN_5:21!10|MId=o270050210101|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 16 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DAN_5:21!10|MId=o270050210102|Strong=5974|Lang=arc 17-18 עֲרָֽדַיָּא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 עֲרָֽדַיּ עֲרָד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=the.wild|Ref=DAN_5:21!11|MId=o270050210111|Strong=6167|Lang=arc 18 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=donkeys|Ref=DAN_5:21!11|MId=o270050210112|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 19-20 מְדוֹרֵ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מְדוֹר מְדוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=his.dwelling|Ref=DAN_5:21!12|MId=o270050210121|Strong=4070|Lang=arc 20 ֵ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=place|Ref=DAN_5:21!12|MId=o270050210122|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 21-22 עִשְׂבָּ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 עִשְׂבּ עֲשַׂב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 xcomp _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DAN_5:21!13|MId=o270050210131|Strong=6212a|Lang=arc 22 ָ֤א א DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=grass|Ref=DAN_5:21!13|MId=o270050210132|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 23-24 כְתוֹרִין֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=DAN_5:21!14|MId=o270050210141|Strong=3509d|Lang=arc 24 תוֹרִין֙ תּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=oxen|Ref=DAN_5:21!14|MId=o270050210142|Strong=8450|Lang=arc 25-26 יְטַ֣עֲמוּנֵּ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 יְטַ֣עֲמוּנּ טְעֵם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 parataxis _ Gloss=they|Ref=DAN_5:21!15|MId=o270050210151|Strong=2939|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;A1:270050210131;A2:270050210152;|Type=yiqtol 26 ֵ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=fed.him|Ref=DAN_5:21!15|MId=o270050210152|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 27-29 וּמִטַּ֥ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_5:21!16|MId=o270050210161|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 28 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DAN_5:21!16|MId=o270050210162|Strong=4481|Lang=arc 29 טַּ֥ל טַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 obl _ Gloss=the.dew|Ref=DAN_5:21!16|MId=o270050210163|Strong=2920|Lang=arc 30-31 שְׁמַיָּ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 שְׁמַיּ שָׁמַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_5:21!17|MId=o270050210171|Strong=8065|Lang=arc 31 ָ֖א א DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=DAN_5:21!17|MId=o270050210172|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 32-33 גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 גִּשְׁמ גְּשֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Gloss=body|Ref=DAN_5:21!18|MId=o270050210181|Strong=1655|Lang=arc 33 ֵ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DAN_5:21!18|MId=o270050210182|Strong=1886h|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 34 יִצְטַבַּ֑ע צְבַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 25 conj _ Gloss=it.became.wet|Ref=DAN_5:21!19|MId=o270050210191|Strong=6647|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:270050210181;|Type=yiqtol 35 עַ֣ד עַד ADP _ _ 25 parataxis _ Gloss=until|Ref=DAN_5:21!20|MId=o270050210201|Strong=5705|Lang=arc 36 דִּֽי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 37 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=DAN_5:21!21|MId=o270050210211|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 37 יְדַ֗ע יְדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 35 parataxis _ Gloss=he.knew|Ref=DAN_5:21!22|MId=o270050210221|Strong=3046|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050180122;A1:270050210241;270050210331;|Type=qatal 38 דִּֽי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 39 mark _ Gloss=(diy).that|Ref=DAN_5:21!23|MId=o270050210231|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 39 שַׁלִּ֞יט שַׁלִּיט ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[was].having.mastery|Ref=DAN_5:21!24|MId=o270050210241|Strong=7990|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 40-41 אֱלָהָ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 אֱלָה אֱלָהּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DAN_5:21!25|MId=o270050210251|Strong=0426|Lang=arc 41 ָ֤א א DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=God|Ref=DAN_5:21!25|MId=o270050210252|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 42-43 עִלָּאָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 עִלָּא עִלַּי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 amod _ Gloss=(the).Most|Ref=DAN_5:21!27|MId=o270050210271|Strong=5943|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 43 ָה֙ ה DET _ PronType=Art 42 det _ Gloss=High|Ref=DAN_5:21!27|MId=o270050210272|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 44-45 בְּמַלְכ֣וּת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=DAN_5:21!28|MId=o270050210281|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 45 מַלְכ֣וּת מַלְכוּ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 39 obl _ Gloss=the.kingdom|Ref=DAN_5:21!28|MId=o270050210282|Strong=4437|Lang=arc 46-47 אֲנָשָׁ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 אֲנָשׁ אֱנָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 45 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=DAN_5:21!29|MId=o270050210291|Strong=0606|Lang=arc 47 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 46 det _ Gloss=humankind|Ref=DAN_5:21!29|MId=o270050210292|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 48-50 וּלְמַן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 53 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_5:21!30|MId=o270050210301|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 49 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 50 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_5:21!30|MId=o270050210302|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 50 מַן־ מָן PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 53 obl _ Gloss=whomever|Ref=DAN_5:21!30|MId=o270050210303|Strong=4479|Lang=arc|Type=indefinite 51 דִּ֥י דִּי SCONJ _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=3 52 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=DAN_5:21!31|MId=o270050210311|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=indefinite 52 יִצְבֵּ֖ה צבה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 50 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.will.be.pleased|Ref=DAN_5:21!32|MId=o270050210321|Strong=6634|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050210251;|Type=yiqtol 53 יְהָקֵ֥ים קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HAPHEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 39 conj _ Gloss=he.will.appoint|Ref=DAN_5:21!33|MId=o270050210331|Strong=6966|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270050210251;|Type=yiqtol 54-55 עֲלַֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 עֲל עַל ADP _ _ 55 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=DAN_5:21!35|MId=o270050210351|Strong=5922|Lang=arc 55 ַֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 53 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=DAN_5:21!35|MId=o270050210352|Strong=1886i|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 56 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 55 punct _ Ref=DAN_5:21!35 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | טְרִיד *he was chased* | qatal · peil | | | | | | שַׁוִּיְו *they made* | qatal · peil | לִבְב *heart* | | | | | יְטַעֲמוּנּ *they* | yiqtol · pael | | עִשְׂבּ *(the)* | ֵהּ *fed him* | | | יִצְטַבַּע *it became wet* | yiqtol · hithpaal | | גִּשְׁמ *body* | | | | יְדַע *he knew* | qatal · peal | | שַׁלִּיט *\[was\] having mastery* + יְהָקֵים *he will appoint* | | | | יִצְבֵּה *he will be pleased* | yiqtol · peal | אֱלָה *(the)* | | | | | יְהָקֵים *he will appoint* | yiqtol · haphel | אֱלָה *(the)* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and he was driven from the sons of men, and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses; he was fed with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; until he knew that God Most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and that He setteth up over it whomsoever He will.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.167/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:133`. - ← previous: [Daniel 5:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.5.20/) - next →: [Daniel 5:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.5.22/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/5/)