--- title: Daniel 7:13 — I saw in the night visions, and, behold, there came with the clouds… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: I saw in the night visions, and, behold, there came with the clouds of heaven one like unto a son of man, and he came even to the Ancient of days, and he was brought near before Him. Who acts: I, one, man. Daniel 7:13 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/7/) / 7:13 # Daniel 7:13 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** I, one, man · **What happens:** see, come, bring, cloud · **To what, where:** night visions, Ancient, man, heaven This is Daniel 7:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, one, man — and what happens in the verse to night visions, Ancient, man, heaven, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. חָזֵ֤ה הֲוֵית֙ בְּחֶזְוֵ֣י לֵֽילְיָ֔א וַאֲרוּ֙ עִם־עֲנָנֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔א כְּבַ֥ר אֱנָ֖שׁ אָתֵ֣ה הֲוָ֑ה וְעַד־עַתִּ֤יק יֽוֹמַיָּא֙ מְטָ֔ה וּקְדָמ֖וֹהִי הַקְרְבֽוּהִי׃ [I saw in the night visions, and, behold, there came with the clouds of heaven one like unto a son of man, and he came even to the Ancient of days, and he was brought near before Him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.220/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:184 # text = חָזֵ֤ה הֲוֵית֙ בְּחֶזְוֵ֣י לֵֽילְיָ֔א וַאֲרוּ֙ עִם־עֲנָנֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔א כְּבַ֥ר אֱנָ֖שׁ אָתֵ֣ה הֲוָ֑ה וְעַד־עַתִּ֤יק יֽוֹמַיָּא֙ מְטָ֔ה וּקְדָמ֖וֹהִי הַקְרְבֽוּהִי׃ # verse = DAN.7.13 1 חָזֵ֤ה חֲזָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=seeing|Ref=DAN_7:13!1|MId=o270070130011|Strong=2370|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270070020021;|Type=participle_active 2 הֲוֵית֙ הוה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 dep _ Gloss=I.was|Ref=DAN_7:13!2|MId=o270070130021|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=qatal 3-4 בְּחֶזְוֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DAN_7:13!3|MId=o270070130031|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 4 חֶזְוֵ֣י חֱזוּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 obl _ Gloss=the.visions|Ref=DAN_7:13!3|MId=o270070130032|Strong=2376|Lang=arc 5-6 לֵֽילְיָ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לֵֽילְי לֵילֵי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_7:13!4|MId=o270070130041|Strong=3916|Lang=arc 6 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the.night|Ref=DAN_7:13!4|MId=o270070130042|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 7-8 וַאֲרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_7:13!5|MId=o270070130051|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 8 אֲרוּ֙ אֲרוּ INTJ _ _ 16 discourse _ Gloss=lo!|Ref=DAN_7:13!5|MId=o270070130052|Strong=0718|Lang=arc|Type=demonstrative 9 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DAN_7:13!6|MId=o270070130061|Strong=5974|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 10 עֲנָנֵ֣י עֲנָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 obl _ Gloss=the.clouds|Ref=DAN_7:13!7|MId=o270070130071|Strong=6050|Lang=arc 11-12 שְׁמַיָּ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 שְׁמַיּ שָׁמַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_7:13!8|MId=o270070130081|Strong=8065|Lang=arc 12 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=DAN_7:13!8|MId=o270070130082|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 13-14 כְּבַ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=DAN_7:13!9|MId=o270070130091|Strong=3509d|Lang=arc 14 בַ֥ר בַּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=a.son|Ref=DAN_7:13!9|MId=o270070130092|Strong=1247|Lang=arc 15 אֱנָ֖שׁ אֱנָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.man|Ref=DAN_7:13!10|MId=o270070130101|Strong=0606|Lang=arc 16 אָתֵ֣ה אֲתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=coming|Ref=DAN_7:13!11|MId=o270070130111|Strong=0858|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270070130092;|Type=participle_active 17 הֲוָ֑ה הוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 dep _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=DAN_7:13!12|MId=o270070130121|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=qatal 18-19 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_7:13!13|MId=o270070130131|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 19 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_7:13!13|MId=o270070130132|Strong=5705|Lang=arc 20 עַתִּ֤יק עַתִּיק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=the.[one].ancient|Ref=DAN_7:13!14|MId=o270070130141|Strong=6268|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 21-22 יֽוֹמַיָּא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 יֽוֹמַיּ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=DAN_7:13!15|MId=o270070130151|Strong=3118|Lang=arc 22 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=days|Ref=DAN_7:13!15|MId=o270070130152|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 23 מְטָ֔ה מְטָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.reached|Ref=DAN_7:13!16|MId=o270070130161|Strong=4291|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270070130092;|Type=qatal 24-26 וּקְדָמ֖וֹהִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_7:13!17|MId=o270070130171|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 25 קְדָמ֖וֹ קֳדָם ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=DAN_7:13!17|MId=o270070130172|Strong=6925|Lang=arc 26 הִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=DAN_7:13!17|MId=o270070130173|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 27-28 הַקְרְבֽוּהִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַקְרְבֽוּ קְרֵב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HAPHEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=DAN_7:13!18|MId=o270070130181|Strong=7127|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;A1:270070130182;|Type=qatal 28 הִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ Gloss=brought.him.near|Ref=DAN_7:13!18|MId=o270070130182|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=DAN_7:13!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | חָזֵה *seeing* | participle active · peal | | | | | | אָתֵה *coming* | participle active · peal | בַר *a son* | | | | | מְטָה *he reached* | qatal · peal | בַר *a son* | | | | | הַקְרְבֽוּ *they* | qatal · haphel | | הִי *brought him near* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I saw in the night visions, and, behold, there came with the clouds of heaven one like unto a son of man, and he came even to the Ancient of days, and he was brought near before Him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.220/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:184`. - ← previous: [Daniel 7:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.12/) - next →: [Daniel 7:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.14/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/7/)