--- title: Daniel 7:23 — Thus he said: 'The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: Thus he said: 'The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces. Who acts: judgment, fourth beast, earth. Daniel 7:23 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/7/) / 7:23 # Daniel 7:23 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** judgment, fourth beast, earth · **What happens:** say, be, devour, tread down, break · **To what, where:** fourth kingdom, kingdoms, whole earth, earth, pieces · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Daniel 7:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — judgment, fourth beast, earth — and what happens in the verse to fourth kingdom, kingdoms, whole earth, earth, pieces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֵּן֮ אֲמַר֒ חֵֽיוְתָא֙ רְבִיעָ֣יְתָ֔א מַלְכ֤וּ רְבִיעָאָה֙ תֶּהֱוֵ֣א בְאַרְעָ֔א דִּ֥י תִשְׁנֵ֖א מִן־כָּל־מַלְכְוָתָ֑א וְתֵאכֻל֙ כָּל־אַרְעָ֔א וּתְדוּשִׁנַּ֖הּ וְתַדְּקִנַּֽהּ׃ [Thus he said: 'The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.231/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:DAN:194 # text = כֵּן֮ אֲמַר֒ חֵֽיוְתָא֙ רְבִיעָ֣יְתָ֔א מַלְכ֤וּ רְבִיעָאָה֙ תֶּהֱוֵ֣א בְאַרְעָ֔א דִּ֥י תִשְׁנֵ֖א מִן־כָּל־מַלְכְוָתָ֑א וְתֵאכֻל֙ כָּל־אַרְעָ֔א וּתְדוּשִׁנַּ֖הּ וְתַדְּקִנַּֽהּ׃ # verse = DAN.7.23 1 כֵּן֮ כֵּן ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 advmod _ Gloss=as.follows|Ref=DAN_7:23!1|MId=o270070230011|Strong=3652|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 2 אֲמַר֒ אֲמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=DAN_7:23!2|MId=o270070230021|Strong=0560|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270070160031;|Type=qatal 3-4 חֵֽיוְתָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 חֵֽיוְת חֵיוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_7:23!3|MId=o270070230031|Strong=2423|Lang=arc 4 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=beast|Ref=DAN_7:23!3|MId=o270070230032|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 5-6 רְבִיעָ֣יְתָ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 רְבִיעָ֣יְת רְבִיעִי NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 nummod _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DAN_7:23!4|MId=o270070230041|Strong=7244|Lang=arc|Type=ordinal_number 6 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=fourth|Ref=DAN_7:23!4|MId=o270070230042|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 7 מַלְכ֤וּ מַלְכוּ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=a.kingdom|Ref=DAN_7:23!5|MId=o270070230051|Strong=4437|Lang=arc 8-9 רְבִיעָאָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 רְבִיעָ רְבִיעִי NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nummod _ Gloss=fourth|Ref=DAN_7:23!7|MId=o270070230071|Strong=7244|Lang=arc|Type=ordinal_number 9 אָה֙ אָה DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=fourth|Ref=DAN_7:23!7|MId=o270070230072|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 10 תֶּהֱוֵ֣א הוה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=DAN_7:23!8|MId=o270070230081|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270070230031;|Type=yiqtol 11-13 בְאַרְעָ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DAN_7:23!9|MId=o270070230091|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 12 אַרְע אֲרַע NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_7:23!9|MId=o270070230092|Strong=0772|Lang=arc 13 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=earth|Ref=DAN_7:23!9|MId=o270070230093|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 14 דִּ֥י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DAN_7:23!10|MId=o270070230101|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 15 תִשְׁנֵ֖א שׁנה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.will.be.different|Ref=DAN_7:23!11|MId=o270070230111|Strong=8133|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270070230051;|Type=yiqtol 16 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DAN_7:23!12|MId=o270070230121|Strong=4481|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 17 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=DAN_7:23!13|MId=o270070230131|Strong=3606|Lang=arc|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 מַלְכְוָתָ֑א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מַלְכְוָת מַלְכוּ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_7:23!14|MId=o270070230141|Strong=4437|Lang=arc 19 ָ֑א א DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=kingdoms|Ref=DAN_7:23!14|MId=o270070230142|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 20-21 וְתֵאכֻל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_7:23!15|MId=o270070230151|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 21 תֵאכֻל֙ אֲכַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=it.will.devour|Ref=DAN_7:23!15|MId=o270070230152|Strong=0399|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270070230031;A1:270070230171;|Type=yiqtol 22 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=DAN_7:23!16|MId=o270070230161|Strong=3606|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 אַרְעָ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אַרְע אֲרַע NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_7:23!17|MId=o270070230171|Strong=0772|Lang=arc 24 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=earth|Ref=DAN_7:23!17|MId=o270070230172|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 25-27 וּתְדוּשִׁנַּ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_7:23!18|MId=o270070230181|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 26 תְדוּשִׁנּ דּוּשׁ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 21 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=DAN_7:23!18|MId=o270070230182|Strong=1759|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270070230031;A1:270070230183;|Type=yiqtol 27 ַ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ Gloss=will.tread.it.down|Ref=DAN_7:23!18|MId=o270070230183|Strong=1886i|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 28-30 וְתַדְּקִנַּֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_7:23!19|MId=o270070230191|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 29 תַדְּקִנּ דְּקַק VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=APHEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 21 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=DAN_7:23!19|MId=o270070230192|Strong=1855|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:270070230031;A1:270070230193;|Type=yiqtol 30 ַֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ Gloss=will.shatter.it|Ref=DAN_7:23!19|MId=o270070230193|Strong=1886i|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=DAN_7:23!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֲמַר *he said* | qatal · peal | | | | | | תֶּהֱוֵא *it will be* | yiqtol · peal | חֵֽיוְת *the* | | | | | תִשְׁנֵא *it will be different* | yiqtol · peal | מַלְכוּ *a kingdom* | | | | | תֵאכֻל *it will devour* | yiqtol · peal | חֵֽיוְת *the* | אַרְע *the* | | | | תְדוּשִׁנּ *it* | yiqtol · peal | חֵֽיוְת *the* | ַהּ *will tread it down* | | | | תַדְּקִנּ *it* | yiqtol · aphel | חֵֽיוְת *the* | ַֽהּ *will shatter it* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus he said: 'The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.231/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:DAN:194`. - ← previous: [Daniel 7:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.22/) - next →: [Daniel 7:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.24/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/7/)