--- title: Daniel 8:3 — And I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, there stood before… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, there stood before the stream a ram which had two horns; and the two horns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last. Who acts: I, ram, two horns, one. Daniel 8:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.8.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/8/) / 8:3 # Daniel 8:3 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** I, ram, two horns, one, higher · **What happens:** lift up, see, stand, have, be, come up · **To what, where:** eyes, stream, two horns This is Daniel 8:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, ram, two horns, one, higher — and what happens in the verse to eyes, stream, two horns, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֶשָּׂ֤א עֵינַי֙ וָאֶרְאֶ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֗ד עֹמֵ֛ד לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֻבָ֖ל וְל֣וֹ קְרָנָ֑יִם וְהַקְּרָנַ֣יִם גְּבֹה֗וֹת וְהָאַחַת֙ גְּבֹהָ֣ה מִן־הַשֵּׁנִ֔ית וְהַ֨גְּבֹהָ֔ה עֹלָ֖ה בָּאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃ [And I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, there stood before the stream a ram which had two horns; and the two horns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.240/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DAN:26 # text = וָאֶשָּׂ֤א עֵינַי֙ וָאֶרְאֶ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֗ד עֹמֵ֛ד לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֻבָ֖ל וְל֣וֹ קְרָנָ֑יִם וְהַקְּרָנַ֣יִם גְּבֹה֗וֹת וְהָאַחַת֙ גְּבֹהָ֣ה מִן־הַשֵּׁנִ֔ית וְהַ֨גְּבֹהָ֔ה עֹלָ֖ה בָּאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃ # verse = DAN.8.3 1-2 וָאֶשָּׂ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:3!1|MId=o270080030011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶשָּׂ֤א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.lifted.up|Ref=DAN_8:3!1|MId=o270080030012|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:270080010101;A1:270080030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 עֵינַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 עֵינ עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 2 obj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=DAN_8:3!2|MId=o270080030021|Strong=5869 4 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=DAN_8:3!2|MId=o270080030022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 5-6 וָאֶרְאֶ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:3!3|MId=o270080030031|Strong=2050b 6 אֶרְאֶ֔ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.saw|Ref=DAN_8:3!3|MId=o270080030032|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:270080010101;|Type=wayyiqtol 7-8 וְהִנֵּ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:3!4|MId=o270080030041|Strong=2050b 8 הִנֵּ֣ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 12 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=DAN_8:3!4|MId=o270080030042|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 9 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ Ref=DAN_8:3!4 10 אַ֣יִל אַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=a.ram|Ref=DAN_8:3!5|MId=o270080030051|Strong=0352 11 אֶחָ֗ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=DAN_8:3!6|MId=o270080030061|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 12 עֹמֵ֛ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].standing|Ref=DAN_8:3!7|MId=o270080030071|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:270080030051;|Type=participle_active 13-14 לִפְנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=DAN_8:3!8|MId=o270080030081|Strong=3807a 14 פְנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=DAN_8:3!8|MId=o270080030082|Strong=6440 15-16 הָאֻבָ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_8:3!9|MId=o270080030091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 אֻבָ֖ל אֻבָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=canal|Ref=DAN_8:3!9|MId=o270080030092|Strong=0180 17-19 וְל֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and.[belonged]|Ref=DAN_8:3!10|MId=o270080030101|Strong=2050b 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_8:3!10|MId=o270080030102|Strong=3807a 19 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=DAN_8:3!10|MId=o270080030103|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 קְרָנָ֑יִם קֶרֶן NOUN _ Number=Dual 19 nsubj _ Gloss=two.horns|Ref=DAN_8:3!11|MId=o270080030111|Strong=7161 21-23 וְהַקְּרָנַ֣יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:3!12|MId=o270080030121|Strong=2050b 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=DAN_8:3!12|MId=o270080030122|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 קְּרָנַ֣יִם קֶרֶן NOUN _ Number=Dual 24 nsubj _ Gloss=horns|Ref=DAN_8:3!12|MId=o270080030123|Strong=7161 24 גְּבֹה֗וֹת גָּבֹהַּ ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=[were].high|Ref=DAN_8:3!13|MId=o270080030131|Strong=1364|Type=adjective 25-27 וְהָאַחַת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:3!14|MId=o270080030141|Strong=2050b 26 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_8:3!14|MId=o270080030142|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 אַחַת֙ אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Gloss=one|Ref=DAN_8:3!14|MId=o270080030143|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 28 גְּבֹהָ֣ה גָּבֹהַּ ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].high|Ref=DAN_8:3!15|MId=o270080030151|Strong=1364|Type=adjective 29 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=more.than|Ref=DAN_8:3!16|MId=o270080030161|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 הַשֵּׁנִ֔ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_8:3!17|MId=o270080030171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 שֵּׁנִ֔ית שֵׁנִי NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 nmod _ Gloss=second|Ref=DAN_8:3!17|MId=o270080030172|Strong=8145|Type=ordinal_number 32-34 וְהַ֨גְּבֹהָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:3!18|MId=o270080030181|Strong=2050b 33 הַ֨ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the.high|Ref=DAN_8:3!18|MId=o270080030182|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 גְּבֹהָ֔ה גָּבֹהַּ ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ Gloss=[one]|Ref=DAN_8:3!18|MId=o270080030183|Strong=1364|Type=adjective 35 עֹלָ֖ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].growing.up|Ref=DAN_8:3!19|MId=o270080030191|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:270080030183;|Type=participle_active 36-38 בָּאַחֲרֹנָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=DAN_8:3!20|MId=o270080030201|Strong=0871a 37 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_8:3!20|MId=o270080030201ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 אַחֲרֹנָֽה אַחֲרוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 obl _ Gloss=last|Ref=DAN_8:3!20|MId=o270080030202|Strong=0314|Type=adjective 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=DAN_8:3!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶשָּׂא *I lifted up* | wayyiqtol · qal | | עֵינ *eyes* | | | | אֶרְאֶה *I saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | עֹמֵד *\[was\] standing* | participle active · qal | אַיִל *a ram* | | | | | עֹלָה *\[was\] growing up* | participle active · qal | גְּבֹהָה *\[one\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, there stood before the stream a ram which had two horns; and the two horns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.240/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DAN:26`. - ← previous: [Daniel 8:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.8.2/) - next →: [Daniel 8:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.8.4/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/8/)