--- title: Daniel 8:4 — I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; and no… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; and no beasts could stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and magnified himself. Who acts: I, ram, beasts, any. Daniel 8:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 191 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.8.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/8/) / 8:4 # Daniel 8:4 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** I, ram, beasts, any · **What happens:** see, push, stand, be, deliver, do · **To what, where:** ram, hand This is Daniel 8:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, ram, beasts, any — and what happens in the verse to ram, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. רָאִ֣יתִי אֶת־הָאַ֡יִל מְנַגֵּחַ֩ יָ֨מָּה וְצָפ֜וֹנָה וָנֶ֗גְבָּה וְכָל־חַיּוֹת֙ לֹֽא־יַֽעַמְד֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּ֖יל מִיָּד֑וֹ וְעָשָׂ֥ה כִרְצֹנ֖וֹ וְהִגְדִּֽיל׃ [I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; and no beasts could stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and magnified himself.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.241/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DAN:27 # text = רָאִ֣יתִי אֶת־הָאַ֡יִל מְנַגֵּחַ֩ יָ֨מָּה וְצָפ֜וֹנָה וָנֶ֗גְבָּה וְכָל־חַיּוֹת֙ לֹֽא־יַֽעַמְד֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּ֖יל מִיָּד֑וֹ וְעָשָׂ֥ה כִרְצֹנ֖וֹ וְהִגְדִּֽיל׃ # verse = DAN.8.4 1 רָאִ֣יתִי רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.saw|Ref=DAN_8:4!1|MId=o270080040011|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:270080010101;A1:270080040041;|Type=qatal 2 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DAN_8:4!2|MId=o270080040021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 3-4 הָאַ֡יִל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_8:4!3|MId=o270080040031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אַ֡יִל אַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=ram|Ref=DAN_8:4!3|MId=o270080040032|Strong=0352 5 מְנַגֵּחַ֩ נָגַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=goring|Ref=DAN_8:4!4|MId=o270080040041|Strong=5055|Frame=A0:270080040032;|Type=participle_active 6-7 יָ֨מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 יָ֨מּ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=westward|Ref=DAN_8:4!5|MId=o270080040051|Strong=3220 7 ָה ה X _ _ 6 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=DAN_8:4!5|MId=o270080040052|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 8-10 וְצָפ֜וֹנָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:4!6|MId=o270080040061|Strong=2050b 9 צָפ֜וֹנ צָפוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=northward|Ref=DAN_8:4!6|MId=o270080040062|Strong=6828 10 ָה ה X _ _ 9 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=DAN_8:4!6|MId=o270080040063|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 11-13 וָנֶ֗גְבָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:4!7|MId=o270080040071|Strong=2050b 12 נֶ֗גְבּ נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=southward|Ref=DAN_8:4!7|MId=o270080040072|Strong=5045 13 ָה ה X _ _ 12 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=DAN_8:4!7|MId=o270080040073|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 14-15 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:4!8|MId=o270080040081|Strong=2050b 15 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=any|Ref=DAN_8:4!8|MId=o270080040082|Strong=3605 16 חַיּוֹת֙ חַיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=living.creatures|Ref=DAN_8:4!9|MId=o270080040091|Strong=2416c 17 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DAN_8:4!10|MId=o270080040101|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 18 יַֽעַמְד֣וּ עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=they.stood|Ref=DAN_8:4!11|MId=o270080040111|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:270080040091;|Type=yiqtol 19-21 לְפָנָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=DAN_8:4!12|MId=o270080040121|Strong=3807a 20 פָנָ֔י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 18 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=DAN_8:4!12|MId=o270080040122|Strong=6440 21 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=it|Ref=DAN_8:4!12|MId=o270080040123|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22-23 וְאֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:4!13|MId=o270080040131|Strong=2050b 23 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 1 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=DAN_8:4!13|MId=o270080040132|Strong=0369|Type=negative 24 מַצִּ֖יל נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].delivered|Ref=DAN_8:4!14|MId=o270080040141|Strong=5337|Type=participle_active 25-27 מִיָּד֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DAN_8:4!15|MId=o270080040151|Strong=4480 26 יָּד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=DAN_8:4!15|MId=o270080040152|Strong=3027 27 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=DAN_8:4!15|MId=o270080040153|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28-29 וְעָשָׂ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:4!16|MId=o270080040161|Strong=2050b 29 עָשָׂ֥ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=it.did|Ref=DAN_8:4!16|MId=o270080040162|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:270080040032;|Type=weqatal 30-32 כִרְצֹנ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 כִ כְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=DAN_8:4!17|MId=o270080040171|Strong=3509a 31 רְצֹנ רָצוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_8:4!17|MId=o270080040172|Strong=7522 32 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its.pleasure|Ref=DAN_8:4!17|MId=o270080040173|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33-34 וְהִגְדִּֽיל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:4!18|MId=o270080040181|Strong=2050b 34 הִגְדִּֽיל גָּדַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=it.magnified.itself|Ref=DAN_8:4!18|MId=o270080040182|Strong=1431|Frame=A0:270080040032;|Type=weqatal 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=DAN_8:4!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** רָאִיתִי *I saw* | qatal · qal | | מְנַגֵּחַ *goring* | | | | מְנַגֵּחַ *goring* | participle active · piel | אַיִל *ram* | | | | | **not** יַֽעַמְדוּ *they stood* | yiqtol · qal | חַיּוֹת *living creatures* | | | | | עָשָׂה *it did* | weqatal · qal | אַיִל *ram* | | | | | הִגְדִּֽיל *it magnified itself* | weqatal · hiphil | אַיִל *ram* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; and no beasts could stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and magnified himself.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.241/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DAN:27`. - ← previous: [Daniel 8:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.8.3/) - next →: [Daniel 8:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.8.5/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/8/)