--- title: Daniel 8:8 — And the he-goat magnified himself exceedingly; and when he was stron… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the he-goat magnified himself exceedingly; and when he was strong, the great horn was broken; and instead of it there came up the appearance of four horns toward the four winds of heaven. Who acts: he goat, goat, appearance. Daniel 8:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.8.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/8/) / 8:8 # Daniel 8:8 דָּנִיֵּאל **Who acts:** he goat, goat, appearance · **What happens:** magnify, be, break, come up, wind · **To what, where:** goat, great horn, four winds, heaven This is Daniel 8:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — he goat, goat, appearance — and what happens in the verse to goat, great horn, four winds, heaven, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּצְפִ֥יר הָעִזִּ֖ים הִגְדִּ֣יל עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וּכְעָצְמ֗וֹ נִשְׁבְּרָה֙ הַקֶּ֣רֶן הַגְּדוֹלָ֔ה וַֽתַּעֲלֶ֜נָה חָז֤וּת אַרְבַּע֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔יהָ לְאַרְבַּ֖ע רוּח֥וֹת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ [And the he-goat magnified himself exceedingly; and when he was strong, the great horn was broken; and instead of it there came up the appearance of four horns toward the four winds of heaven.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.245/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DAN:31 # text = וּצְפִ֥יר הָעִזִּ֖ים הִגְדִּ֣יל עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וּכְעָצְמ֗וֹ נִשְׁבְּרָה֙ הַקֶּ֣רֶן הַגְּדוֹלָ֔ה וַֽתַּעֲלֶ֜נָה חָז֤וּת אַרְבַּע֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔יהָ לְאַרְבַּ֖ע רוּח֥וֹת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ # verse = DAN.8.8 1-2 וּצְפִ֥יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:8!1|MId=o270080080011|Strong=2050b 2 צְפִ֥יר צָפִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=the.he-goat|Ref=DAN_8:8!1|MId=o270080080012|Strong=6842 3-4 הָעִזִּ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_8:8!2|MId=o270080080021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 עִזִּ֖ים עֵז NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.goats|Ref=DAN_8:8!2|MId=o270080080022|Strong=5795 5 הִגְדִּ֣יל גָּדַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.magnified.itself|Ref=DAN_8:8!3|MId=o270080080031|Strong=1431|Frame=A0:270080080012;|Type=qatal 6 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=up.to|Ref=DAN_8:8!4|MId=o270080080041|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 7 מְאֹ֑ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=muchness|Ref=DAN_8:8!5|MId=o270080080051|Strong=3966 8-11 וּכְעָצְמ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:8!6|MId=o270080080061|Strong=2050b 9 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=DAN_8:8!6|MId=o270080080062|Strong=3509a 10 עָצְמ עָצֹם VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 advcl _ Gloss=as|Ref=DAN_8:8!6|MId=o270080080063|Strong=6105|Frame=A0:270080080064;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ Gloss=it.became.mighty|Ref=DAN_8:8!6|MId=o270080080064|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12 נִשְׁבְּרָה֙ שָׁבַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.was.broken|Ref=DAN_8:8!7|MId=o270080080071|Strong=7665|Frame=A1:270080080082;|Type=qatal 13-14 הַקֶּ֣רֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DAN_8:8!8|MId=o270080080081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 קֶּ֣רֶן קֶרֶן NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=horn|Ref=DAN_8:8!8|MId=o270080080082|Strong=7161 15-16 הַגְּדוֹלָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DAN_8:8!9|MId=o270080080091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 גְּדוֹלָ֔ה גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=DAN_8:8!9|MId=o270080080092|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 17-18 וַֽתַּעֲלֶ֜נָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DAN_8:8!10|MId=o270080080101|Strong=2050b 18 תַּעֲלֶ֜נָה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.grew.up|Ref=DAN_8:8!10|MId=o270080080102|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:270080080111;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 חָז֤וּת חָזוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=conspicuousness|Ref=DAN_8:8!11|MId=o270080080111|Strong=2380 20 אַרְבַּע֙ אַרְבַּע NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 nummod _ Gloss=four|Ref=DAN_8:8!12|MId=o270080080121|Strong=0702|Type=cardinal_number 21-22 תַּחְתֶּ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 תַּחְתֶּ֔י תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 18 obl _ Gloss=in|Ref=DAN_8:8!13|MId=o270080080131|Strong=8478 22 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its.place|Ref=DAN_8:8!13|MId=o270080080132|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 23-24 לְאַרְבַּ֖ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DAN_8:8!14|MId=o270080080141|Strong=3807a 24 אַרְבַּ֖ע אַרְבַּע NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 nummod _ Gloss=the.four|Ref=DAN_8:8!14|MId=o270080080142|Strong=0702|Type=cardinal_number 25 רוּח֥וֹת רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Plur 18 obl _ Gloss=the.winds|Ref=DAN_8:8!15|MId=o270080080151|Strong=7307 26-27 הַשָּׁמָֽיִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DAN_8:8!16|MId=o270080080161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 שָּׁמָֽיִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=DAN_8:8!16|MId=o270080080162|Strong=8064 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=DAN_8:8!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִגְדִּיל *it magnified itself* | qatal · hiphil | צְפִיר *the he-goat* | | | | | עָצְמ *as* | infinitive construct · qal | וֹ *it became mighty* | | | | | נִשְׁבְּרָה *it was broken* | qatal · niphal | | קֶּרֶן *horn* | | | | תַּעֲלֶנָה *they grew up* | wayyiqtol · qal | חָזוּת *conspicuousness* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the he-goat magnified himself exceedingly; and when he was strong, the great horn was broken; and instead of it there came up the appearance of four horns toward the four winds of heaven.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.245/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DAN:31`. - ← previous: [Daniel 8:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.8.7/) - next →: [Daniel 8:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.8.9/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/8/)