--- title: Ecclesiastes 1:17 — And I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly — I perceived that this also was a striving after wind. Who acts: I, this. Ecclesiastes 1:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.1.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/1/) / 1:17 # Ecclesiastes 1:17 קֹהֶלֶת **Who acts:** I, this · **What happens:** apply, know, perceive, be · **To what, where:** heart, wisdom, madness, striving This is Ecclesiastes 1:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, this — and what happens in the verse to heart, wisdom, madness, striving, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֶתְּנָ֤ה לִבִּי֙ לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֔ה וְדַ֥עַת הוֹלֵל֖וֹת וְשִׂכְל֑וּת יָדַ֕עְתִּי שֶׁגַּם־זֶ֥ה ה֖וּא רַעְי֥וֹן רֽוּחַ׃ [And I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly — I perceived that this also was a striving after wind.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.16/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ECC:16 # text = וָאֶתְּנָ֤ה לִבִּי֙ לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֔ה וְדַ֥עַת הוֹלֵל֖וֹת וְשִׂכְל֑וּת יָדַ֕עְתִּי שֶׁגַּם־זֶ֥ה ה֖וּא רַעְי֥וֹן רֽוּחַ׃ # verse = ECC.1.17 1-3 וָאֶתְּנָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_1:17!1|MId=o210010170011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶתְּנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I|Ref=ECC_1:17!1|MId=o210010170012|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:210010120021;A1:210010170021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ָ֤ה ה X _ _ 2 nmod _ Gloss=gave|Ref=ECC_1:17!1|MId=o210010170013|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 4-5 לִבִּי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=ECC_1:17!2|MId=o210010170021|Strong=3820 5 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ECC_1:17!2|MId=o210010170022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 6-7 לָדַ֣עַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ECC_1:17!3|MId=o210010170031|Strong=3807a 7 דַ֣עַת יָדַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=know|Ref=ECC_1:17!3|MId=o210010170032|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:210010120021;A1:210010170041;|Type=infinitive_construct 8 חָכְמָ֔ה חׇכְמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=wisdom|Ref=ECC_1:17!4|MId=o210010170041|Strong=2451 9-10 וְדַ֥עַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_1:17!5|MId=o210010170051|Strong=2050b 10 דַ֥עַת דַּעַת VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 conj _ Gloss=to.know|Ref=ECC_1:17!5|MId=o210010170052|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:210010120021;A1:210010170061;210010170072;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 הוֹלֵל֖וֹת הוֹלֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 obj _ Gloss=madness(es)|Ref=ECC_1:17!6|MId=o210010170061|Strong=1947 12-13 וְשִׂכְל֑וּת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_1:17!7|MId=o210010170071|Strong=2050b 13 שִׂכְל֑וּת שִׂכְלוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=folly|Ref=ECC_1:17!7|MId=o210010170072|Strong=5531 14 יָדַ֕עְתִּי יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I.knew|Ref=ECC_1:17!8|MId=o210010170081|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:210010120021;A1:210010170121;|Type=qatal 15-16 שֶׁגַּם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 שֶׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=ECC_1:17!9|MId=o210010170091|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 16 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=ECC_1:17!9|MId=o210010170092|Strong=1571 17 זֶ֥ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=this|Ref=ECC_1:17!10|MId=o210010170101|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 18 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ECC_1:17!11|MId=o210010170111|Strong=1931|Type=personal 19 רַעְי֥וֹן רַעְיוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].a.striving|Ref=ECC_1:17!12|MId=o210010170121|Strong=7475 20 רֽוּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.wind|Ref=ECC_1:17!13|MId=o210010170131|Strong=7307|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=ECC_1:17!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶתְּנ *I* | wayyiqtol · qal | | לִבּ *heart* | | | | דַעַת *know* | infinitive construct · qal | | חָכְמָה *wisdom* | | | | דַעַת *to know* | infinitive construct · qal | | הוֹלֵלוֹת *madness(es)* + שִׂכְלוּת *folly* | | | | יָדַעְתִּי *I knew* | qatal · qal | | רַעְיוֹן *\[is\] a striving* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וִיהָבִית לְבָבִי לְמִדַע חוּכְמְתָא וְחוּלְחַלְתָּא דְּמַלְכוּתָא וּמַנְדְּעָא וְסוּכְלְתָנוּ בְּחָנִית לְמֵדַּע דְּאַף דֵּין הוּא תְּבִירוּת רוּחָא לִגְבַר דְּמִשְׁתַּדֵל לְמִשְׁכַּח יַתְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly — I perceived that this also was a striving after wind.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.16/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ECC:16`. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 1:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.1.16/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 1:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.1.18/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/1/)