--- title: Ecclesiastes 1:9 — That which hath been is that which shall be, and that which hath bee… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: That which hath been is that which shall be, and that which hath been done is that which shall be done; and there is nothing new under the sun. Who acts: That, nothing. Ecclesiastes 1:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.1.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/1/) / 1:9 # Ecclesiastes 1:9 קֹהֶלֶת **Who acts:** That, nothing · **What happens:** be, do · **To what, where:** That, sun. This is Ecclesiastes 1:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — That, nothing — and what happens in the verse to That, sun., read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ ה֣וּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֔ה וּמַה־שֶׁנַּֽעֲשָׂ֔ה ה֖וּא שֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין כָּל־חָדָ֖שׁ תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ [That which hath been is that which shall be, and that which hath been done is that which shall be done; and there is nothing new under the sun.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.8/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ECC:8 # text = מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ ה֣וּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֔ה וּמַה־שֶׁנַּֽעֲשָׂ֔ה ה֖וּא שֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין כָּל־חָדָ֖שׁ תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ # verse = ECC.1.9 1 מַה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 0 root _ Gloss=whatever|Ref=ECC_1:9!1|MId=o210010090011|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 2-3 שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 שֶּֽׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(that).it|Ref=ECC_1:9!2|MId=o210010090021|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 3 הָיָה֙ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 acl:relcl _ Gloss=has.been|Ref=ECC_1:9!2|MId=o210010090022|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:210010090011;|Type=qatal 4 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ECC_1:9!3|MId=o210010090031|Strong=1931|Type=personal 5-6 שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 שֶׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=[is|Ref=ECC_1:9!4|MId=o210010090041|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 6 יִּהְיֶ֔ה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=that].which.it.will.be|Ref=ECC_1:9!4|MId=o210010090042|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:210010090031;|Type=yiqtol 7-8 וּמַה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_1:9!5|MId=o210010090051|Strong=2050b 8 מַה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 1 conj _ Gloss=whatever|Ref=ECC_1:9!5|MId=o210010090052|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 9-10 שֶׁנַּֽעֲשָׂ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 שֶׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=(that).it|Ref=ECC_1:9!6|MId=o210010090061|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 10 נַּֽעֲשָׂ֔ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=has.been.done|Ref=ECC_1:9!6|MId=o210010090062|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:210010090052;|Type=qatal 11 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ECC_1:9!7|MId=o210010090071|Strong=1931|Type=personal 12-13 שֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 שֶׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=[is|Ref=ECC_1:9!8|MId=o210010090081|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 13 יֵּעָשֶׂ֑ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=that].which.it.will.be.done|Ref=ECC_1:9!8|MId=o210010090082|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:210010090071;|Type=yiqtol 14-15 וְאֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_1:9!9|MId=o210010090091|Strong=2050b 15 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 1 conj _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=ECC_1:9!9|MId=o210010090092|Strong=0369|Type=negative 16 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=any|Ref=ECC_1:9!10|MId=o210010090101|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 17 חָדָ֖שׁ חָדָשׁ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=new.[thing]|Ref=ECC_1:9!11|MId=o210010090111|Strong=2319|Type=adjective 18 תַּ֥חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 15 obl _ Gloss=under|Ref=ECC_1:9!12|MId=o210010090121|Strong=8478 19-20 הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_1:9!13|MId=o210010090131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 שָּֽׁמֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=sun|Ref=ECC_1:9!13|MId=o210010090132|Strong=8121 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=ECC_1:9!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיָה *has been* | qatal · qal | מַה־ *whatever* | | | | | יִּהְיֶה *that\] which it will be* | yiqtol · qal | הוּא *it* | | | | | נַּֽעֲשָׂה *has been done* | qatal · niphal | | מַה־ *whatever* | | | | יֵּעָשֶׂה *that\] which it will be done* | yiqtol · niphal | | הוּא *it* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} מַה דַּהֲוָת מִן קַדְמָתָא הוּא עָתִיד לְמֶהֱוֵי בָּתַר כֵּן וּמָה דְּאִתְעֲבִיד מִן קַדְמַת דְּנָא הוּא עָתִיד לְאִתְעוֹבָדָא עַד סוֹף כָּל דָּרֵי עַלְמָא וְלֵית כְּלוּם פִּתְגַם חֲדַת בְּעַלְמָא הָדֵין תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [That which hath been is that which shall be, and that which hath been done is that which shall be done; and there is nothing new under the sun.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.8/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ECC:8`. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 1:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.1.8/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 1:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.1.10/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/1/)