--- title: Ecclesiastes 12:2 — Before the sun, and the light, and the moon, and the stars, are dark… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Before the sun, and the light, and the moon, and the stars, are darkened, and the clouds return after the rain; Who acts: clouds. Ecclesiastes 12:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.12.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/12/) / 12:2 # Ecclesiastes 12:2 קֹהֶלֶת **Who acts:** clouds · **What happens:** darken, return · **To what, where:** sun This is Ecclesiastes 12:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — clouds — and what happens in the verse to sun, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תֶחְשַׁ֤ךְ הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ וְהָא֔וֹר וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ וְהַכּוֹכָבִ֑ים וְשָׁ֥בוּ הֶעָבִ֖ים אַחַ֥ר הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃ [Before the sun, and the light, and the moon, and the stars, are darkened, and the clouds return after the rain;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.220/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ECC:209 # text = עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תֶחְשַׁ֤ךְ הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ וְהָא֔וֹר וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ וְהַכּוֹכָבִ֑ים וְשָׁ֥בוּ הֶעָבִ֖ים אַחַ֥ר הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃ # verse = ECC.12.2 1 עַ֠ד עַד ADP _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=until|Ref=ECC_12:2!1|MId=o210120020011|Strong=5704 2 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=ECC_12:2!2|MId=o210120020021|Strong=0834|Type=relative 3 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ECC_12:2!3|MId=o210120020031|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 4 תֶחְשַׁ֤ךְ חָשַׁךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.become.dark|Ref=ECC_12:2!4|MId=o210120020041|Strong=2821|Frame=A0:210120020052;210120020063;210120020073;210120020083;|Type=yiqtol 5-6 הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_12:2!5|MId=o210120020051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 שֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=sun|Ref=ECC_12:2!5|MId=o210120020052|Strong=8121 7-9 וְהָא֔וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_12:2!6|MId=o210120020061|Strong=2050b 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_12:2!6|MId=o210120020062|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 א֔וֹר אוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=light|Ref=ECC_12:2!6|MId=o210120020063|Strong=0216 10-12 וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_12:2!7|MId=o210120020071|Strong=2050b 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_12:2!7|MId=o210120020072|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 יָּרֵ֖חַ יָרֵחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=moon|Ref=ECC_12:2!7|MId=o210120020073|Strong=3394 13-15 וְהַכּוֹכָבִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_12:2!8|MId=o210120020081|Strong=2050b 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_12:2!8|MId=o210120020082|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 כּוֹכָבִ֑ים כּוֹכָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=stars|Ref=ECC_12:2!8|MId=o210120020083|Strong=3556 16-17 וְשָׁ֥בוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_12:2!9|MId=o210120020091|Strong=2050b 17 שָׁ֥בוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.will.return|Ref=ECC_12:2!9|MId=o210120020092|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:210120020102;|Type=weqatal 18-19 הֶעָבִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_12:2!10|MId=o210120020101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 עָבִ֖ים עָב NOUN _ Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ Gloss=clouds|Ref=ECC_12:2!10|MId=o210120020102|Strong=5645 20 אַחַ֥ר אַחַר ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=ECC_12:2!11|MId=o210120020111|Strong=0310 21-22 הַגָּֽשֶׁם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_12:2!12|MId=o210120020121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 גָּֽשֶׁם גֶּשֶׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=rain|Ref=ECC_12:2!12|MId=o210120020122|Strong=1653 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=ECC_12:2!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תֶחְשַׁךְ *it will become dark* | yiqtol · qal | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *sun* + אוֹר *light* + יָּרֵחַ *moon* + כּוֹכָבִים *stars* | | | | | שָׁבוּ *they will return* | weqatal · qal | עָבִים *clouds* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} עַד דְּלָא יִשְׁתַּנֵּי זִיו יְקָרָא אַפָּךְ דִּמְתִיל לְשִׁמְשָׁא וּנְהוֹרָא דְּעֵינָךְ עַד דְּלָא יִסְתְּמוּן וַהֲדַר לֵיסָתָךְ עַד דְּלָא יִתְקַדְרוּן וּבָבֵי עֵינָךְ דִּמְתִילִין לְכוֹכְבַיָּא עַד דְּלָא יִתְעָמְמוּן רֵיסֵי עֵינָךְ יְהוֹן זָלְגִין דְמָעוֹת כַּעֲנָנִין בָּתַר מִטְרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Before the sun, and the light, and the moon, and the stars, are darkened, and the clouds return after the rain;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.220/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ECC:209`. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 12:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.12.1/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 12:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.12.3/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/12/)