--- title: Ecclesiastes 12:3 — In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the stro… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those that look out shall be darkened in the windows, Who acts: keepers, strong men, grinders. Ecclesiastes 12:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the T --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.12.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/12/) / 12:3 # Ecclesiastes 12:3 קֹהֶלֶת **Who acts:** keepers, strong men, grinders · **What happens:** tremble, bow, cease, be, look out, darken · **To what, where:** men, those, windows This is Ecclesiastes 12:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — keepers, strong men, grinders — and what happens in the verse to men, those, windows, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בַּיּ֗וֹם שֶׁיָּזֻ֙עוּ֙ שֹׁמְרֵ֣י הַבַּ֔יִת וְהִֽתְעַוְּת֖וּ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הֶחָ֑יִל וּבָטְל֤וּ הַטֹּֽחֲנוֹת֙ כִּ֣י מִעֵ֔טוּ וְחָשְׁכ֥וּ הָרֹא֖וֹת בָּאֲרֻבּֽוֹת׃ [In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those that look out shall be darkened in the windows,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.221/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ECC:210 # text = בַּיּ֗וֹם שֶׁיָּזֻ֙עוּ֙ שֹׁמְרֵ֣י הַבַּ֔יִת וְהִֽתְעַוְּת֖וּ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הֶחָ֑יִל וּבָטְל֤וּ הַטֹּֽחֲנוֹת֙ כִּ֣י מִעֵ֔טוּ וְחָשְׁכ֥וּ הָרֹא֖וֹת בָּאֲרֻבּֽוֹת׃ # verse = ECC.12.3 1-3 בַּיּ֗וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ECC_12:3!1|MId=o210120030011|Strong=0871a 2 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_12:3!1|MId=o210120030011ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 יּ֗וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=day|Ref=ECC_12:3!1|MId=o210120030012|Strong=3117 4-5 שֶׁיָּזֻ֙עוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 שֶׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=when|Ref=ECC_12:3!2|MId=o210120030021|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 5 יָּזֻ֙עוּ֙ זוּעַ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.will.tremble|Ref=ECC_12:3!2|MId=o210120030022|Strong=2111|Frame=A0:210120030031;|Type=yiqtol 6 שֹׁמְרֵ֣י שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Gloss=[those.who].keep|Ref=ECC_12:3!3|MId=o210120030031|Strong=8104|Frame=A1:210120030042;|Type=participle_active 7-8 הַבַּ֔יִת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=(of).the|Ref=ECC_12:3!4|MId=o210120030041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 בַּ֔יִת בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=house|Ref=ECC_12:3!4|MId=o210120030042|Strong=1004 9-10 וְהִֽתְעַוְּת֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_12:3!5|MId=o210120030051|Strong=2050b 10 הִֽתְעַוְּת֖וּ עָוַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.will.bend.themselves|Ref=ECC_12:3!5|MId=o210120030052|Strong=5791|Frame=A0:210120030061;|Type=weqatal 11 אַנְשֵׁ֣י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=ECC_12:3!6|MId=o210120030061|Strong=0376 12-13 הֶחָ֑יִל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=ECC_12:3!7|MId=o210120030071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 חָ֑יִל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=strength|Ref=ECC_12:3!7|MId=o210120030072|Strong=2428 14-15 וּבָטְל֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_12:3!8|MId=o210120030081|Strong=2050b 15 בָטְל֤וּ בָּטַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.will.cease|Ref=ECC_12:3!8|MId=o210120030082|Strong=0988|Frame=A0:210120030092;|Type=weqatal 16-17 הַטֹּֽחֲנוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the.[female]|Ref=ECC_12:3!9|MId=o210120030091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 טֹּֽחֲנוֹת֙ טֹחֲנֹות NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ Gloss=grinders|Ref=ECC_12:3!9|MId=o210120030092|Strong=2912a 18 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ECC_12:3!10|MId=o210120030101|Strong=3588 19 מִעֵ֔טוּ מָעַט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.become.few|Ref=ECC_12:3!11|MId=o210120030111|Strong=4591|Frame=A0:210120030092;|Type=qatal 20-21 וְחָשְׁכ֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_12:3!12|MId=o210120030121|Strong=2050b 21 חָשְׁכ֥וּ חָשַׁךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.will.grow.dim|Ref=ECC_12:3!12|MId=o210120030122|Strong=2821|Frame=A0:210120030132;|Type=weqatal 22-23 הָרֹא֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=the.[women|Ref=ECC_12:3!13|MId=o210120030131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 רֹא֖וֹת רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Gloss=who].look|Ref=ECC_12:3!13|MId=o210120030132|Strong=7200|Type=participle_active 24-26 בָּאֲרֻבּֽוֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ECC_12:3!14|MId=o210120030141|Strong=0871a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_12:3!14|MId=o210120030141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 אֲרֻבּֽוֹת אֲרֻבָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 23 obl _ Gloss=windows|Ref=ECC_12:3!14|MId=o210120030142|Strong=0699 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=ECC_12:3!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּזֻעוּ *they will tremble* | yiqtol · qal | שֹׁמְרֵי *\[those who\] keep* | | | | | שֹׁמְרֵי *\[those who\] keep* | participle active · qal | | בַּיִת *house* | | | | הִֽתְעַוְּתוּ *they will bend themselves* | weqatal · hithpael | אַנְשֵׁי *the people* | | | | | בָטְלוּ *they will cease* | weqatal · qal | טֹּֽחֲנוֹת *grinders* | | | | | מִעֵטוּ *they have become few* | qatal · piel | טֹּֽחֲנוֹת *grinders* | | | | | חָשְׁכוּ *they will grow dim* | weqatal · qal | רֹאוֹת *who\] look* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} בְּיוֹמָא דִּיזוּעוּן אַרְכּוּבְתָךְ וְיִתְנַקְשׁוּן אֶדְרָעָךְ וְיִתְבַּטְּלוּן כַּכֵּי פוּמָּךְ עַד לָא יָכְלִין לְמִלְעַס מֵיכְלָא וְיִתְעָמְמוּן עֵינָךְ דְּמִסְתַּכְּלָן בַּחֲרַכֵּי רֵישָׁךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those that look out shall be darkened in the windows,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.221/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ECC:210`. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 12:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.12.2/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 12:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.12.4/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/12/)