--- title: Ecclesiastes 2:18 — And I hated all my labour wherein I laboured under the sun, seeing t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I hated all my labour wherein I laboured under the sun, seeing that I must leave it unto the man that shall be after me. Who acts: I, man. Ecclesiastes 2:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.2.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/2/) / 2:18 # Ecclesiastes 2:18 קֹהֶלֶת **Who acts:** I, man · **What happens:** hate, labour, see, leave, be · **To what, where:** labour, sun · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ecclesiastes 2:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, man — and what happens in the verse to labour, sun, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְשָׂנֵ֤אתִֽי אֲנִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲמָלִ֔י שֶׁאֲנִ֥י עָמֵ֖ל תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ שֶׁ֣אַנִּיחֶ֔נּוּ לָאָדָ֖ם שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרָֽי׃ [And I hated all my labour wherein I laboured under the sun, seeing that I must leave it unto the man that shall be after me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.37/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ECC:35 # text = וְשָׂנֵ֤אתִֽי אֲנִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲמָלִ֔י שֶׁאֲנִ֥י עָמֵ֖ל תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ שֶׁ֣אַנִּיחֶ֔נּוּ לָאָדָ֖ם שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרָֽי׃ # verse = ECC.2.18 1-2 וְשָׂנֵ֤אתִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_2:18!1|MId=o210020180011|Strong=2050b 2 שָׂנֵ֤אתִֽי שָׂנֵא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.hated|Ref=ECC_2:18!1|MId=o210020180012|Strong=8130|Frame=A0:210020180021;A1:210020180051;|Type=qatal 3 אֲנִי֙ אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ECC_2:18!2|MId=o210020180021|Strong=0589|Type=personal 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ECC_2:18!3|MId=o210020180031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=ECC_2:18!4|MId=o210020180041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 עֲמָלִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 עֲמָל עָמָל NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=toil|Ref=ECC_2:18!5|MId=o210020180051|Strong=5999 7 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ECC_2:18!5|MId=o210020180052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 8-9 שֶׁאֲנִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 שֶׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=ECC_2:18!6|MId=o210020180061|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 9 אֲנִ֥י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ECC_2:18!6|MId=o210020180062|Strong=0589|Type=personal 10 עָמֵ֖ל עָמֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[was].toiling|Ref=ECC_2:18!7|MId=o210020180071|Strong=6001a|Type=adjective 11 תַּ֣חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=under|Ref=ECC_2:18!8|MId=o210020180081|Strong=8478 12-13 הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_2:18!9|MId=o210020180091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=sun|Ref=ECC_2:18!9|MId=o210020180092|Strong=8121 14-16 שֶׁ֣אַנִּיחֶ֔נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 שֶׁ֣ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=ECC_2:18!10|MId=o210020180101|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 15 אַנִּיח נוח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I|Ref=ECC_2:18!10|MId=o210020180102|Strong=5117|Frame=AA:210010120021;A0:210020180103;|Type=yiqtol 16 ֶ֔נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ Gloss=will.leave.it|Ref=ECC_2:18!10|MId=o210020180103|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 17-19 לָאָדָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ECC_2:18!11|MId=o210020180111|Strong=3807a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_2:18!11|MId=o210020180111ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 אָדָ֖ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=person|Ref=ECC_2:18!11|MId=o210020180112|Strong=0120 20-21 שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 שֶׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=ECC_2:18!12|MId=o210020180121|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 21 יִּהְיֶ֥ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 23 cop _ Gloss=he.will.be|Ref=ECC_2:18!12|MId=o210020180122|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:210020180113;|Type=yiqtol 22-23 אַחֲרָֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אַחֲר אַחַר ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=ECC_2:18!13|MId=o210020180131|Strong=0310 23 ָֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=me|Ref=ECC_2:18!13|MId=o210020180132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ECC_2:18!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׂנֵאתִֽי *I hated* | qatal · qal | אֲנִי *I* | עֲמָל *toil* | | | | אַנִּיח *I* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶנּוּ *will leave it* | | | | | יִּהְיֶה *he will be* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְסַנֵיתִי אֲנָא יָת כָּל טַרְחוֹתִי דִי טְרָחִית תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא בְּעַלְמָא הָדֵין בְּגִין דְּאִשְׁבְּקִינֵּיהּ לִרְחַבְעָם בְּרִי דְּאָתֵי בַּתְרֵי וְיֵיתֵי יָרָבְעָם עַבְדֵּיהּ וְיִסַּב מִן יְדוֹי עֲשַׂרְתֵּי שִׁבְטַיָּא וְיַחְסִין פַּלְגוּת מַלְכוּתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I hated all my labour wherein I laboured under the sun, seeing that I must leave it unto the man that shall be after me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.37/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ECC:35`. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 2:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.2.17/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 2:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.2.19/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/2/)