--- title: Ecclesiastes 3:16 — And moreover I saw under the sun, in the place of justice, that wick… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And moreover I saw under the sun, in the place of justice, that wickedness was there; and in the place of righteousness, that wickedness was there. Who acts: I, wickedness. Ecclesiastes 3:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.3.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/3/) / 3:16 # Ecclesiastes 3:16 קֹהֶלֶת **Who acts:** I, wickedness · **What happens:** see, be · **To what, where:** sun, place · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ecclesiastes 3:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, wickedness — and what happens in the verse to sun, place, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְע֥וֹד רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ מְק֤וֹם הַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ שָׁ֣מָּה הָרֶ֔שַׁע וּמְק֥וֹם הַצֶּ֖דֶק שָׁ֥מָּה הָרָֽשַׁע׃ [And moreover I saw under the sun, in the place of justice, that wickedness was there; and in the place of righteousness, that wickedness was there.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.66/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ECC:59 # text = וְע֥וֹד רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ מְק֤וֹם הַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ שָׁ֣מָּה הָרֶ֔שַׁע וּמְק֥וֹם הַצֶּ֖דֶק שָׁ֥מָּה הָרָֽשַׁע׃ # verse = ECC.3.16 1-2 וְע֥וֹד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_3:16!1|MId=o210030160011|Strong=2050b 2 ע֥וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=ECC_3:16!1|MId=o210030160012|Strong=5750 3 רָאִ֖יתִי רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.have.seen|Ref=ECC_3:16!2|MId=o210030160021|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:210010120021;|Type=qatal 4 תַּ֣חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 3 obl _ Gloss=under|Ref=ECC_3:16!3|MId=o210030160031|Strong=8478 5-6 הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_3:16!4|MId=o210030160041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=sun|Ref=ECC_3:16!4|MId=o210030160042|Strong=8121 7 מְק֤וֹם מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 dislocated _ Gloss=the.place|Ref=ECC_3:16!5|MId=o210030160051|Strong=4725 8-9 הַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=ECC_3:16!6|MId=o210030160061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 מִּשְׁפָּט֙ מִשְׁפָּט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=justice|Ref=ECC_3:16!6|MId=o210030160062|Strong=4941 10-11 שָׁ֣מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 שָׁ֣מּ שָׁם ADV _ _ 3 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].(to)|Ref=ECC_3:16!7|MId=o210030160071|Strong=8033 11 ָה ה X _ _ 10 nmod _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=ECC_3:16!7|MId=o210030160072|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 12-13 הָרֶ֔שַׁע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ECC_3:16!8|MId=o210030160081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 רֶ֔שַׁע רֶשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=wickedness|Ref=ECC_3:16!8|MId=o210030160082|Strong=7562 14-15 וּמְק֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_3:16!9|MId=o210030160091|Strong=2050b 15 מְק֥וֹם מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 dislocated _ Gloss=the.place|Ref=ECC_3:16!9|MId=o210030160092|Strong=4725 16-17 הַצֶּ֖דֶק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=ECC_3:16!10|MId=o210030160101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 צֶּ֖דֶק צֶדֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=righteousness|Ref=ECC_3:16!10|MId=o210030160102|Strong=6664 18-19 שָׁ֥מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 שָׁ֥מּ שָׁם ADV _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=[was].(to)|Ref=ECC_3:16!11|MId=o210030160111|Strong=8033 19 ָה ה X _ _ 18 nmod _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=ECC_3:16!11|MId=o210030160112|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 20-21 הָרָֽשַׁע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ECC_3:16!12|MId=o210030160121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 רָֽשַׁע רֶשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=wickedness|Ref=ECC_3:16!12|MId=o210030160122|Strong=7562 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=ECC_3:16!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָאִיתִי *I have seen* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְעוֹד חֲזֵית תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא בְּעָלְמָא הָדֵין אֲתַר בֵּית דִּינָא דְּדַיָינֵי שִׁקְרָא תַּמָּן יְחוֹבוּן לְזַכָּאָה לְמִפַּק חַיָּיבָא בְּדִינֵיהּ וַאֲתַר דְּמִשְׁתְּכַח תַּמָּן גְּבַר זַכַּאי תַּמָּן מִשְׁתְּכַח גַבְרָא חַיָּיבָא לְמִשְׁלַט בֵּיהּ בְּגִין חוֹבֵי דָרָא בִּישָׁא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And moreover I saw under the sun, in the place of justice, that wickedness was there; and in the place of righteousness, that wickedness was there.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.66/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ECC:59`. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 3:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.3.15/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 3:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.3.17/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/3/)