--- title: Ecclesiastes 3:19 — For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them; as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath; so that man hath no pre-eminence above a beast; for all is vanity. Who acts: that, one thing, one, other. Ecclesiastes 3:19 in Hebrew with it --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.3.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/3/) / 3:19 # Ecclesiastes 3:19 קֹהֶלֶת **Who acts:** that, one thing, one, other, beasts, man · **What happens:** befall, die, have, be · **To what, where:** sons, beasts, one breath, pre-eminence, beast, vanity This is Ecclesiastes 3:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — that, one thing, one, other, beasts, man — and what happens in the verse to sons, beasts, one breath, pre-eminence, beast, vanity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּי֩ מִקְרֶ֨ה בְֽנֵי־הָאָדָ֜ם וּמִקְרֶ֣ה הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה וּמִקְרֶ֤ה אֶחָד֙ לָהֶ֔ם כְּמ֥וֹת זֶה֙ כֵּ֣ן מ֣וֹת זֶ֔ה וְר֥וּחַ אֶחָ֖ד לַכֹּ֑ל וּמוֹתַ֨ר הָאָדָ֤ם מִן־הַבְּהֵמָה֙ אָ֔יִן כִּ֥י הַכֹּ֖ל הָֽבֶל׃ [For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them; as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath; so that man hath no pre-eminence above a beast; for all is vanity.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.69/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ECC:62 # text = כִּי֩ מִקְרֶ֨ה בְֽנֵי־הָאָדָ֜ם וּמִקְרֶ֣ה הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה וּמִקְרֶ֤ה אֶחָד֙ לָהֶ֔ם כְּמ֥וֹת זֶה֙ כֵּ֣ן מ֣וֹת זֶ֔ה וְר֥וּחַ אֶחָ֖ד לַכֹּ֑ל וּמוֹתַ֨ר הָאָדָ֤ם מִן־הַבְּהֵמָה֙ אָ֔יִן כִּ֥י הַכֹּ֖ל הָֽבֶל׃ # verse = ECC.3.19 1 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ECC_3:19!1|MId=o210030190011|Strong=3588 2 מִקְרֶ֨ה מִקְרֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 dislocated _ Gloss=the.fate|Ref=ECC_3:19!2|MId=o210030190021|Strong=4745 3 בְֽנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.children|Ref=ECC_3:19!3|MId=o210030190031|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הָאָדָ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=ECC_3:19!4|MId=o210030190041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אָדָ֜ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=humankind|Ref=ECC_3:19!4|MId=o210030190042|Strong=0120 6-7 וּמִקְרֶ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_3:19!5|MId=o210030190051|Strong=2050b 7 מִקְרֶ֣ה מִקְרֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=the.fate|Ref=ECC_3:19!5|MId=o210030190052|Strong=4745 8-9 הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=ECC_3:19!6|MId=o210030190061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 בְּהֵמָ֗ה בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=animal[s]|Ref=ECC_3:19!6|MId=o210030190062|Strong=0929 10-11 וּמִקְרֶ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_3:19!7|MId=o210030190071|Strong=2050b 11 מִקְרֶ֤ה מִקְרֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=fate|Ref=ECC_3:19!7|MId=o210030190072|Strong=4745 12 אֶחָד֙ אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=ECC_3:19!8|MId=o210030190081|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 13-14 לָהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ל לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=ECC_3:19!9|MId=o210030190091|Strong=3807a 14 ָהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 0 root _ Gloss=them|Ref=ECC_3:19!9|MId=o210030190092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15-16 כְּמ֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ECC_3:19!10|MId=o210030190101|Strong=3509a 16 מ֥וֹת מָוֶת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=the.death|Ref=ECC_3:19!10|MId=o210030190102|Strong=4194 17 זֶה֙ זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 16 det _ Gloss=of.this|Ref=ECC_3:19!11|MId=o210030190111|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 18 כֵּ֣ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 14 parataxis _ Gloss=so|Ref=ECC_3:19!12|MId=o210030190121|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 19 מ֣וֹת מָוֶת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=the.death|Ref=ECC_3:19!13|MId=o210030190131|Strong=4194 20 זֶ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 19 det _ Gloss=of.this|Ref=ECC_3:19!14|MId=o210030190141|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 21-22 וְר֥וּחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_3:19!15|MId=o210030190151|Strong=2050b 22 ר֥וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=breath|Ref=ECC_3:19!15|MId=o210030190152|Strong=7307 23 אֶחָ֖ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=ECC_3:19!16|MId=o210030190161|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 24-26 לַכֹּ֑ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=ECC_3:19!17|MId=o210030190171|Strong=3807a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ECC_3:19!17|MId=o210030190171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 כֹּ֑ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=ECC_3:19!17|MId=o210030190172|Strong=3605 27-28 וּמוֹתַ֨ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_3:19!18|MId=o210030190181|Strong=2050b 28 מוֹתַ֨ר מוֹתָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Gloss=the.advantage|Ref=ECC_3:19!18|MId=o210030190182|Strong=4195 29-30 הָאָדָ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=ECC_3:19!19|MId=o210030190191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 אָדָ֤ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=humankind|Ref=ECC_3:19!19|MId=o210030190192|Strong=0120 31 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=[is].more.than|Ref=ECC_3:19!20|MId=o210030190201|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 32-33 הַבְּהֵמָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_3:19!21|MId=o210030190211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 בְּהֵמָה֙ בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 nmod _ Gloss=animal[s]|Ref=ECC_3:19!21|MId=o210030190212|Strong=0929 34 אָ֔יִן אַיִן ADV _ _ 14 conj _ Gloss=not|Ref=ECC_3:19!22|MId=o210030190221|Strong=0369|Type=negative 35 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ECC_3:19!23|MId=o210030190231|Strong=3588 36-37 הַכֹּ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ECC_3:19!24|MId=o210030190241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 כֹּ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ Gloss=everything|Ref=ECC_3:19!24|MId=o210030190242|Strong=3605 38 הָֽבֶל הֶבֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 advcl _ Gloss=[is].futility|Ref=ECC_3:19!25|MId=o210030190251|Strong=1892|SpaceAfter=No 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=ECC_3:19!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes MACULA marks no verb frame in this verse. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אֲרוּם אִרְעוּן אֱנָשָׁא חַיָּבָא וְאִרְעוּן בְּעִירָא מְסָאֲבָא אִרְעוּן חַד לְכוּלְּהוֹן וְהֵיכְּמָא דִּתְמוּת בְּעִירָא מְסָאֲבָא כֵּן יְמוּת דֵּין דְּלָא תָּאֵיב בִּתְיוּבְתָּא קֳדָם מוֹתֵיהּ וְנִשְׁמַת רוּחַ תַּרְוֵיהוֹן כַּחֲדָּא אִתְּדֵן לְכָל גַוָון וּשְׁאָרוּת גַבְרָא חַיָּבָא מִן בְּעִירָא מְסָאֲבָא מִדַעַם בֵּין תַּרְוֵיהוֹן אֱלָהֵין בֵּית קְבוּרְתָא אֲרוּם כּוֹלָא הֲבָלוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them; as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath; so that man hath no pre-eminence above a beast; for all is vanity.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.69/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ECC:62`. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 3:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.3.18/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 3:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.3.20/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/3/)