--- title: Ecclesiastes 3:22 — Wherefore I perceived that there is nothing better, than that a man… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Wherefore I perceived that there is nothing better, than that a man should rejoice in his works; for that is his portion; for who shall bring him to see what shall be after him? Who acts: I, nothing, man, that. Ecclesiastes 3:22 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.3.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/3/) / 3:22 # Ecclesiastes 3:22 קֹהֶלֶת **Who acts:** I, nothing, man, that, other · **What happens:** perceive, be, rejoice, bring, see, work · **To what, where:** works, portion, other · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ecclesiastes 3:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, nothing, man, that, other — and what happens in the verse to works, portion, other, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְרָאִ֗יתִי כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין טוֹב֙ מֵאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׂמַ֤ח הָאָדָם֙ בְּֽמַעֲשָׂ֔יו כִּי־ה֖וּא חֶלְק֑וֹ כִּ֣י מִ֤י יְבִיאֶ֙נּוּ֙ לִרְא֔וֹת בְּמֶ֖ה שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרָֽיו׃ [Wherefore I perceived that there is nothing better, than that a man should rejoice in his works; for that is his portion; for who shall bring him to see what shall be after him?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.72/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ECC:65 # text = וְרָאִ֗יתִי כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין טוֹב֙ מֵאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׂמַ֤ח הָאָדָם֙ בְּֽמַעֲשָׂ֔יו כִּי־ה֖וּא חֶלְק֑וֹ כִּ֣י מִ֤י יְבִיאֶ֙נּוּ֙ לִרְא֔וֹת בְּמֶ֖ה שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרָֽיו׃ # verse = ECC.3.22 1-2 וְרָאִ֗יתִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_3:22!1|MId=o210030220011|Strong=2050b 2 רָאִ֗יתִי רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.saw|Ref=ECC_3:22!1|MId=o210030220012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:210010120021;A1:210030220031;|Type=qatal 3 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=ECC_3:22!2|MId=o210030220021|Strong=3588 4 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 ccomp _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=ECC_3:22!3|MId=o210030220031|Strong=0369|Type=negative 5 טוֹב֙ טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=good|Ref=ECC_3:22!4|MId=o210030220041|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 6-7 מֵאֲשֶׁ֨ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 5 nmod _ Gloss=more|Ref=ECC_3:22!5|MId=o210030220051|Strong=4480 7 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=than.that|Ref=ECC_3:22!5|MId=o210030220052|Strong=0834|Type=relative 8 יִשְׂמַ֤ח שָׂמַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.take.pleasure|Ref=ECC_3:22!6|MId=o210030220061|Strong=8055|Frame=A0:210030220072;|Type=yiqtol 9-10 הָאָדָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ECC_3:22!7|MId=o210030220071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 אָדָם֙ אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=humankind|Ref=ECC_3:22!7|MId=o210030220072|Strong=0120 11-13 בְּֽמַעֲשָׂ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ECC_3:22!8|MId=o210030220081|Strong=0871a 12 מַעֲשָׂ֔י מַעֲשֶׂה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=work(s)|Ref=ECC_3:22!8|MId=o210030220082|Strong=4639 13 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ECC_3:22!8|MId=o210030220083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ECC_3:22!9|MId=o210030220091|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 15 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ECC_3:22!10|MId=o210030220101|Strong=1931|Type=personal 16-17 חֶלְק֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 חֶלְק חֵלֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=portion|Ref=ECC_3:22!11|MId=o210030220111|Strong=2506 17 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].his|Ref=ECC_3:22!11|MId=o210030220112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ECC_3:22!12|MId=o210030220121|Strong=3588 19 מִ֤י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 20 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=ECC_3:22!13|MId=o210030220131|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 20-21 יְבִיאֶ֙נּוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 יְבִיא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=will|Ref=ECC_3:22!14|MId=o210030220141|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:210030220131;A0:210030220142;|Type=yiqtol 21 ֶ֙נּוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=he.bring.him|Ref=ECC_3:22!14|MId=o210030220142|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 22-23 לִרְא֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ECC_3:22!15|MId=o210030220151|Strong=3807a 23 רְא֔וֹת רָאָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 20 advcl _ Gloss=look|Ref=ECC_3:22!15|MId=o210030220152|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:210030220072;|Type=infinitive_construct 24-25 בְּמֶ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ECC_3:22!16|MId=o210030220161|Strong=0871a 25 מֶ֖ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 23 obl _ Gloss=whatever|Ref=ECC_3:22!16|MId=o210030220162|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 26-27 שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 שֶׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=(that).it|Ref=ECC_3:22!17|MId=o210030220171|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 27 יִּהְיֶ֥ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 29 cop _ Gloss=will.be|Ref=ECC_3:22!17|MId=o210030220172|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:210030220162;|Type=yiqtol 28-29 אַחֲרָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אַחֲרָֽי אַחַר ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=ECC_3:22!18|MId=o210030220181|Strong=0310 29 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=ECC_3:22!18|MId=o210030220182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=ECC_3:22!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** רָאִיתִי *I saw* | qatal · qal | | אֵין *there \[is\] not* | | | | יִשְׂמַח *he will take pleasure* | yiqtol · qal | אָדָם *humankind* | | | | | יְבִיא *will* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶנּוּ *he bring him* | | | מִי *who?* | | רְאוֹת *look* | infinitive construct · qal | אָדָם *humankind* | | | | | יִּהְיֶה *will be* | yiqtol · qal | מֶה *whatever* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וַחֲזֵית אֲרוּם לֵית טָב בְּעַלְמָא הָדֵין מִדְּיִחְדֵּי אֱנָשׁ בְּעוֹבָדוֹי טָבִין וְיֵיכוֹל וְיִשְׁתֵּי וְיוֹטִיב לִבֵּיהּ אֲרוּם הוּא חוּלָקֵיהּ טָב בְּעָלְמָא הָדֵין לְמִקְנֵי בֵּיהּ עַלְמָא דְּאָתֵי דְּלָא יֵימַר אֱנָשׁ בְּלִבֵּיהּ לְמָה דֵין אֲנָא מְבַזְבֵּיז מָמוֹנָא לְמֶעֱבַד צִדְקְתָא טָב לִי דְּאִשְׁבְּקִינֵּיהּ לִבְרִי בַּתְרַי אוֹ אֶתְזַן מִנֵּיהּ בְּעִדָּן סִיבְתִּי אֲרוּם מַן הוּא דְּיַעֲלִנֵּיהּ לְמֶחֱזֵי מַה דַּעֲתִיד לְמִהְוֵי בַתְרוֹי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Wherefore I perceived that there is nothing better, than that a man should rejoice in his works; for that is his portion; for who shall bring him to see what shall be after him?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.72/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ECC:65`. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 3:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.3.21/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 4:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.1/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/3/)