--- title: Ecclesiastes 4:10 — For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him that is alone when he falleth, and hath not another to lift him up. Who acts: vanity, one, woe, fool. Ecclesiastes 4:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/4/) / 4:10 # Ecclesiastes 4:10 קֹהֶלֶת **Who acts:** vanity, one, woe, fool · **What happens:** fall, lift up, be · **To what, where:** fellow, fool This is Ecclesiastes 4:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — vanity, one, woe, fool — and what happens in the verse to fellow, fool, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י אִם־יִפֹּ֔לוּ הָאֶחָ֖ד יָקִ֣ים אֶת־חֲבֵר֑וֹ וְאִ֣יל֗וֹ הָֽאֶחָד֙ שֶׁיִּפּ֔וֹל וְאֵ֥ין שֵׁנִ֖י לַהֲקִימֽוֹ׃ [For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him that is alone when he falleth, and hath not another to lift him up.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.83/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ECC:75 # text = כִּ֣י אִם־יִפֹּ֔לוּ הָאֶחָ֖ד יָקִ֣ים אֶת־חֲבֵר֑וֹ וְאִ֣יל֗וֹ הָֽאֶחָד֙ שֶׁיִּפּ֔וֹל וְאֵ֥ין שֵׁנִ֖י לַהֲקִימֽוֹ׃ # verse = ECC.4.10 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 6 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ECC_4:10!1|MId=o210040100011|Strong=3588 2 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 1 fixed _ Gloss=if|Ref=ECC_4:10!2|MId=o210040100021|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 3 יִפֹּ֔לוּ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 advcl _ Gloss=they.will.fall.down|Ref=ECC_4:10!3|MId=o210040100031|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:210040090022;|Type=yiqtol 4-5 הָאֶחָ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_4:10!4|MId=o210040100041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אֶחָ֖ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=one|Ref=ECC_4:10!4|MId=o210040100042|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 6 יָקִ֣ים קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.raise|Ref=ECC_4:10!5|MId=o210040100051|Strong=6965|Frame=AA:210040100042;A0:210040100071;|Type=yiqtol 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ECC_4:10!6|MId=o210040100061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 חֲבֵר֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 חֲבֵר חָבֵר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=companion|Ref=ECC_4:10!7|MId=o210040100071|Strong=2270 9 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ECC_4:10!7|MId=o210040100072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10-13 וְאִ֣יל֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_4:10!8|MId=o210040100081|Strong=2050b 11 אִ֣י אִי INTJ _ _ 13 nsubj _ Gloss=woe!|Ref=ECC_4:10!8|MId=o210040100082|Strong=0337|Type=interjection 12 ל לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ECC_4:10!8|MId=o210040100083|Strong=3807a 13 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 conj _ Gloss=him|Ref=ECC_4:10!8|MId=o210040100084|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 הָֽאֶחָד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the.one|Ref=ECC_4:10!9|MId=o210040100091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 אֶחָד֙ אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=[person]|Ref=ECC_4:10!9|MId=o210040100092|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 16-17 שֶׁיִּפּ֔וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 שֶׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=ECC_4:10!10|MId=o210040100101|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 17 יִּפּ֔וֹל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.will.fall.down|Ref=ECC_4:10!10|MId=o210040100102|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:210040100092;|Type=yiqtol 18-19 וְאֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_4:10!11|MId=o210040100111|Strong=2050b 19 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 17 conj _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=ECC_4:10!11|MId=o210040100112|Strong=0369|Type=negative 20 שֵׁנִ֖י שֵׁנִי NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=a.second.[person]|Ref=ECC_4:10!12|MId=o210040100121|Strong=8145|Type=ordinal_number 21-23 לַהֲקִימֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ECC_4:10!13|MId=o210040100131|Strong=3807a 22 הֲקִימ קוּם VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 19 advcl _ Gloss=raise|Ref=ECC_4:10!13|MId=o210040100132|Strong=6965|Frame=AA:210040100121;A0:210040100133;|Type=infinitive_construct 23 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=ECC_4:10!13|MId=o210040100133|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ECC_4:10!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִפֹּלוּ *they will fall down* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | יָקִים *he will raise* | yiqtol · hiphil | חֲבֵר *companion* | | | אֶחָד *one* | | **not** יִּפּוֹל *he will fall down* | yiqtol · qal | אֶחָד *\[person\]* | | | | | הֲקִימ *raise* | infinitive construct · hiphil | ֽוֹ *him* | | | שֵׁנִי *a second \[person\]* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אֲרוּם אֱלָהֵין אִין יִפּוֹל חַד מִנְּהוֹן עַל עַרְסָא וְיִשְׁכּוּב מְרַע חֲדָא יְקִים יָת חַבְרֵיהּ בִּצְלוֹתֵיהּ דְּאִלּוּ חַד דְּהוּא זַכַּאי בִּלְחוֹדוֹהִי בְּדָרֵיהּ בְּעִדָּן דִי יִפּוֹל עַל עַרְסֵיהּ וְיִשְׁכּוּב מְרַע לֵית לֵיהּ בְּדָרֵיהּ חָבֵר תִּנְיָן לְצַלָּאָה עֲלוֹהִי אֱלָהֵין בִּזְכוּתֵיהּ יְקוּם מִמַּרְעֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him that is alone when he falleth, and hath not another to lift him up.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.83/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ECC:75`. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.9/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.11/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/4/)