--- title: Ecclesiastes 8:16 — When I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to see the business that… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: When I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to see the business that is done upon the earth — for neither day nor night do men see sleep with their eyes — Who acts: I, men. Ecclesiastes 8:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.8.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/8/) / 8:16 # Ecclesiastes 8:16 קֹהֶלֶת **Who acts:** I, men · **What happens:** apply, know, see, do · **To what, where:** heart, wisdom, business, sleep This is Ecclesiastes 8:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, men — and what happens in the verse to heart, wisdom, business, sleep, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֤תִּי אֶת־לִבִּי֙ לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֔ה וְלִרְאוֹת֙ אֶת־הָ֣עִנְיָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּ֣י גַ֤ם בַּיּוֹם֙ וּבַלַּ֔יְלָה שֵׁנָ֕ה בְּעֵינָ֖יו אֵינֶ֥נּוּ רֹאֶֽה׃ [When I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to see the business that is done upon the earth — for neither day nor night do men see sleep with their eyes —](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.168/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ECC:158 # text = כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֤תִּי אֶת־לִבִּי֙ לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֔ה וְלִרְאוֹת֙ אֶת־הָ֣עִנְיָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּ֣י גַ֤ם בַּיּוֹם֙ וּבַלַּ֔יְלָה שֵׁנָ֕ה בְּעֵינָ֖יו אֵינֶ֥נּוּ רֹאֶֽה׃ # verse = ECC.8.16 1-2 כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=when|Ref=ECC_8:16!1|MId=o210080160011|Strong=3509a 2 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=|Ref=ECC_8:16!1|MId=o210080160012|Strong=0834|Type=relative 3 נָתַ֤תִּי נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.gave|Ref=ECC_8:16!2|MId=o210080160021|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:210070270051;A1:210080160041;|Type=qatal 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ECC_8:16!3|MId=o210080160031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 לִבִּי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=ECC_8:16!4|MId=o210080160041|Strong=3820 6 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ECC_8:16!4|MId=o210080160042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 7-8 לָדַ֣עַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ECC_8:16!5|MId=o210080160051|Strong=3807a 8 דַ֣עַת יָדַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 3 xcomp _ Gloss=know|Ref=ECC_8:16!5|MId=o210080160052|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:210070270051;A1:210080160061;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 חָכְמָ֔ה חׇכְמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=wisdom|Ref=ECC_8:16!6|MId=o210080160061|Strong=2451 10-12 וְלִרְאוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_8:16!7|MId=o210080160071|Strong=2050b 11 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ECC_8:16!7|MId=o210080160072|Strong=3807a 12 רְאוֹת֙ רָאָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 8 conj _ Gloss=see|Ref=ECC_8:16!7|MId=o210080160073|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:210070270051;A1:210080160092;|Type=infinitive_construct 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ECC_8:16!8|MId=o210080160081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הָ֣עִנְיָ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_8:16!9|MId=o210080160091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 עִנְיָ֔ן עִנְיָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=business|Ref=ECC_8:16!9|MId=o210080160092|Strong=6045 16 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=ECC_8:16!10|MId=o210080160101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17 נַעֲשָׂ֖ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.is.done|Ref=ECC_8:16!11|MId=o210080160111|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:210080160092;|Type=qatal 18 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ECC_8:16!12|MId=o210080160121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_8:16!13|MId=o210080160131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=earth|Ref=ECC_8:16!13|MId=o210080160132|Strong=0776 21 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 36 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ECC_8:16!14|MId=o210080160141|Strong=3588 22 גַ֤ם גַּם ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=ECC_8:16!15|MId=o210080160151|Strong=1571 23-25 בַּיּוֹם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ECC_8:16!16|MId=o210080160161|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ECC_8:16!16|MId=o210080160161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 יּוֹם֙ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=ECC_8:16!16|MId=o210080160162|Strong=3117 26-29 וּבַלַּ֔יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_8:16!17|MId=o210080160171|Strong=2050b 27 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ECC_8:16!17|MId=o210080160172|Strong=0871a 28 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ECC_8:16!17|MId=o210080160172ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 לַּ֔יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=night|Ref=ECC_8:16!17|MId=o210080160173|Strong=3915 30 שֵׁנָ֕ה שֵׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 36 obj _ Gloss=sleep|Ref=ECC_8:16!18|MId=o210080160181|Strong=8142 31-33 בְּעֵינָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=ECC_8:16!19|MId=o210080160191|Strong=0871a 32 עֵינָ֖י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 36 obl _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=ECC_8:16!19|MId=o210080160192|Strong=5869 33 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ECC_8:16!19|MId=o210080160193|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34-35 אֵינֶ֥נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 אֵינ אַיִן ADV _ _ 36 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ECC_8:16!20|MId=o210080160201|Strong=0369|Type=negative 35 ֶ֥נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=ECC_8:16!20|MId=o210080160202|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 36 רֹאֶֽה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 1 advcl _ Gloss=[is].seeing|Ref=ECC_8:16!21|MId=o210080160211|Strong=7200|Frame=A1:210080160181;A0:210080160202;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=ECC_8:16!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נָתַתִּי *I gave* | qatal · qal | | לִבּ *heart* | | | | דַעַת *know* | infinitive construct · qal | | חָכְמָה *wisdom* | | | | רְאוֹת *see* | infinitive construct · qal | | עִנְיָן *business* | | | | נַעֲשָׂה *it is done* | qatal · niphal | | עִנְיָן *business* | | | | **not** רֹאֶֽה *\[is\] seeing* | participle active · qal | ֶנּוּ *he* | שֵׁנָה *sleep* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} כְּמָא דִי יְהָבִית יָת לְבָבִי לְמִנְדַּע חוּכְמַת אוֹרַיְתָא וּלְמֶחֱזֵי יָת גַוָון דְּאִתְעֲבִיד עַל אַרְעָא אֲרוּם אַף חַכִּימָא דְּיִצְבֵי לְמֶעֱסַק בְּאוֹרַיְתָא וּלְאַשְׁכָּחָא חוּכְמְתָא טוֹרְחָא הֲוָה לֵיהּ אֲרוּם אַף בִּימָמָא לָא יְנוּחַ וּבְלֵילְיָא שֵׁינָתָא בְעֵינוֹהִי לָא חֲזֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [When I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to see the business that is done upon the earth — for neither day nor night do men see sleep with their eyes —](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.168/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ECC:158`. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 8:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.8.15/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 8:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.8.17/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/8/)